{slider title="Petrogenesis and geodynamics of volcanic rocks late precambrian the northwest Pay-Khoy 
T. A. Kaneva" open="false" icons="true"}

Mineral and chemical composition of the Late Precambrian igneous rocks of northwestern Pay-Khoy, their evolution and paleogeodynamic position to date have been insufficiently studied. The results of the study of the Late Precambrian igneous rocks of northwestern Pay-Khoy are given in the publication. We used the methods of optical and electron microscopy, chemical and isotopic analysis. It was found that the Late Precambrian igneous rocks of northwestern Pay-Khoy were formed in the island-suprasubduction environment and back-arc spreading environment. Geological, petrographic and petrogeochemical data suggested the existence of two spatially separated island arcs. The rocks of morozovskaya suite recorded as early stage of island arc magmatism, and situation back-arc spreading, and sokolninskaya suite - developed stage. Fractional crystallization was the main mechanism of evolution of the melts from which Late Precambrian igneous rocks of northwestern Pay-Khoy were formed.

Keywords: subduction zone, island arc, volcanic rocks, clinopyroxene, fractional crystallization, Late Precambrian igneous rocks, northwestern Pay-Khoy.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-12-3-15

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The Holocene history of small mammal fauna is of interest as an example of transformation of communities under the natural changes of climate. Study object were 2720 molars of small mammals from localities in Sharyu River valley (left tributary of Usa River). Molars were studied by standard palaeontological techniques. 14C AMS method was used for dating of fossil assemblages. All localities are zoogenic sites with abundant fossil remains of vertebrates. In the result, two phases of micromammalian fauna development in the Chernyshev’s Ridge are described: Subatlantic and modern periods. It was revealed that typical taiga forest assemblages of small mammals inhabited the Chernyshev’s Ridge during Subatlantic time. This fauna was nearly identical to micromammalian communities of the same interval in the Subpolar Urals but contrasted to tundra assemblages of the eastern slope of the Polar Urals. Species composition differences between Sharyu—2 and Sharyu—3 were caused by the hunting activity of different species of avian predators (diurnal raptors and owls). Alternations between recent micromammalian assemblages of the Chernyshev’s Ridge and communities of adjacent territories are linked to differences in taphonomy.

Keywords: small mammals, Late Holocene, Chernyshev’s ridge, northeastern part of European Russia.

DOI:10.19110/2221-1381-2016-12-16-22  

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The Frasnian deposits of the West Magnitogorsk Zone of the Southern Urals have been studied for several decades. Despite this, the authors discovered sequence of high-silica volcaniclastic graywackes and chert in Yalangaskul Lake region. Our study revealed previously unknown features of the geological development of the territory at the end of the Frasnian. The detected sequence was traced along by route observations and airborn photographs. As a result, it was found that the sequence is a lens with length of 30—35 km and a maximum thickness of 350 meters.

The petrographic study of sandstones allowed determining them as greywacke and feldspar greywacke. Clasts of high-silica vulcanites, quartz and feldspars are dominated, fragments of medium and basic volcanites, cherts and quartzites are found in smaller amounts. Four genetic groups of fragments were identified: pyroclastic, volkanoterrigenous, intraclastic and quartzites with unclear genesis. Mortar texture in sandstones was described. The presence of interbedding, cyclicality and association sandstones with cherts points out the deep-sea environment and supply sediments by means of turbidity current. The source area was region of volcanic activity, where explosion material, products of erosion of lithified volcanic rocks and soft siliceous fine-clastic sediments were involved in sedimentary process.

On the base of high-silica volcaniclastic greywackes position they can be attributed presumably to the bottom of the Biyagodinskaya suite, which corresponds to the upper horizons of the Frasnian.

Keywords: graywackes, mortar texture, tephraturbidities, deepwater deposits, the Biyagodinskaya suite, the Frasnian, South Ural.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-12-23-30

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{slider title="In-situ burials of benthic communities in Wenlock storm sediments of the Chernov Swell 
T. M. Beznosova, V. Yu. Lukin, V. A. Matveev" open="false" icons="true"}

The represented data suggest storm mode of sedimentation with predominance of wave turbulence in the Wenlock. We found unique in-situ burials of benthic communities and remains of mineralized biota in stromatolites, replaced by pyrite, which formation had been caused by anoxic conditions after the organism death. The obtained results support reconstruction of evolution of the Early Silurian ecosystems.

Keywords: storm sediments, taphonomy, brachiopods, tabulate corals, stromatolites.

DOI:10.19110/2221-1381-2016-12-31-36

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{slider title="Temperature survey of zircon from the granitoids of the Subpolar Urals 
Yu. V. Denisova" open="false" icons="true"}

Now significant experience of use of zircon as geothermometer was accumulated. This allows applying different methodologies to determine a more accurate temperature mode of formation of the given rocks. The study results of accessory granitoids zircon of the Subpolar Urals (the Badjaju, Yarot, Kozhim and Nikolaihsor massifs) are presented in this paper. The temperatures of crystallization of the mineral using thermometry of zircon saturation and the classic evolutionary — morphological analysis were determined. The comparison of data, obtained in different ways, was carriedout. The temperatures of formation of the studied massifs of the Subpolar Urals were specified.

Keywords: accessory zircon, granitoid, the Badjaju massif, the Yarot massif, the Kozhim massif, the Nikolaihsor massif, the Subpolar Urals, Pupin, Watson.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-12-37-44 

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Rafting the Volonga River down to the Devonian delta
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Media mirror
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The rarest element (Kozyreva's Jubilee)
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{slider title="Organic matter, catagenesis transformation  and generation potential of kazan-tatarian deposits  in the north of Pre-ural foredeep
O. S. Kotik" open="false" icons="true"}

The article presents the results of coal petrological and pyrolytic (Rock-Eval) research of Kazan-Tatar deposits in north of the Pre-Ural foredeep which is very important to evaluate the oil and gas potential of the region. The main components in the composition of organic matter are macerals component of vitrinite group. The high content (up to 30%) of liptinite components is in the deposits of lagoon and lake-swamp depositional environments which are located in the southeast of Korotaikhinskaya depression and connection area of Chernyshev ridge with Kosyu-Rogovskaya depression. According to coal petrography the catagenesis transformation of organic matter in Kazan-Tatar deposits has gradation PC₃ — MC₁ (R_o < 0.5) in the largest part of the study area. The maturity level of organic matter increases to gradations MC3 (R_o > 0.85) within Korotaikhinskaya depression. Pyrolytic method established that deposits with low hydrocarbon potential (HI < 100 mg HC / g _TOC) were prevalent in the territory. High values of hydrogen index (HI > 150 mg HC / g _TOC) are locally in the Korotaikhinskaya depression and connection zone of Chernyshev ridge with Kosyu-Rogovskaya depression, which is associated with an increase of liptinite components in organic matter.

Keywords: Permian coal-bearing deposits, organic matter, coal petrography, catagenesis, hydrogen index, generation potential.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-3-9

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{slider title="The age of silurian regional stages  of  European North-Eastern Russia 
T. M. Beznosova, V. Yu. Lukin, P. Mдnnik" open="false" icons="true"}

Results of palaeontological, biogeochemical and sedimentological studies of Silurian strata in the western Subpolar Urals and on the Chernyshev Swell revealed that assignment of the Marshrut Regional Stage and the lower part of the UstDurnayu Regional Stage to Wenlock, as it is indicated in the latest stratigraphical scheme, is not correct. Disappearance of the conodont Apsidognathus and appearance of brachiopod Spirinella nordensis indicate that the Llandovery—Wenlock boundary lies in the middle part of the UstDurnayu Regional Stage. Comparative analysis of palaeontological and lithological data from the Subpolar Urals, Estonia and Severnaya Zemlya suggest that the strata corresponding to the lowermost Wenlock are missing in the study region. The gap recognized divides the UstDurnayu Region Stage in two, lower and upper parts. Here, we propose to include the lower part of the stage into the Marshrut Regional Stage (as its upper part), to rename the upper part of it as Vojvyv Regional Stage, and not to use the name UstDurnayu for a regional stage in future.

Keywords: stratigraphical scheme, Llandovery, Wenlock, Vojvyv Regional Stage, brachiopod, conodont.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-10-14

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{slider title="Lithological and geochemical characterization  of silurian deposits in the Talbeysky block  of Chernyshev ridge 
I. S. Kotik, I. I. Danshikova, O. S. Kotik,  O. V. Valyaeva, S. V. Mozhegova, L. V. Sokolova" open="false" icons="true"}

The article presents the results of lithological and geochemical research of Silurian deposits in the Talbeysky block of Chernyshev ridge, which are one of the important objects to exploration for hydrocarbon deposits. Based on the structure and lithological composition of the deposits three series were defined in wells section: sulphate-carbonate, carbonate and argillo-carbonate. The Lower Silurian sulphate-carbonate and carbonate series contain mostly poor source rocks (TOC < 0.3 %, HI — 4—173 mg HC/g TOC). The Upper Silurian argillo-carbonate series contain the source rock with fair and good petroleum potential (TOC — 0.5—6 %, HI — 224—580 mg HC / g TOC). The bitumen contents increases from carbonate to argillo-carbonate rocks and varies 0.01—0.02 % and 0.03—0.16 %, respectively. The distributions of n-alkanes and isoprenoids in the hydrocarbon fraction of the studied bitumens show a marine sapropel organic matter in the initial biomass. The maturity of organic matter in Silurian deposits is main oil generation zone and varies on the studied area, ranging from gradations MK_1-2 in the north to MK_2-3 in the southern part of Talbeysky block.

Keywords: Silurian deposits, organic matter, generation potential, bitumens, n-alkanes.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-15-22

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{slider title="Biomarkers of Inta coal deposit, isolation  and analysis of chemical structure of hypercoals
D. A. Bushnev, N. S. Burdelnaya, D. V. Kuzmin,  M. V. Mokeev, I. N. Burtsev" open="false" icons="true"}

We studied the possibility of production of ashless coals (hypercoals) from raw of Intinskaya mine. To study the formation conditions of the initial coals by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we studied the composition of biomarkers hydrocarbons of saturated fraction of bitumen. The presence of high concentrations of C₂₉ steranes, C₂₇—C₂₉ n-alkanes indicates a significant contribution of terrigenous vegetation in the initial biomass composition; for a number of samples the presence of high concentrations of C₂₃—C₂₅ n-alkanes can be an attribute of the contribution of aquatic vegetation in the initial biomass composition. To produce hypercoals the initial coal concentrates were extracted with N-methylpyrrolidone at boiling. To characterize the product, obtained after distillation of the solvent, we used solid state NMR spectroscopy. The analysis of CP/MAS spectra, and also the results of the editing of the spectra showed that the obtained hypercoals are little different from the initial coals by their organic matter structure. At that they are characterized by an insignificant increase of aliphatic component and presence of amido groups conditioned by the interaction with the solvent.

Keywords: coal, Intinskaya mine, biomarkers, hypercoal, solid state ¹³C NMR.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-23-30

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{slider title="Resource and value potential of mineral resources  of Arctic zone of Timan-Northern Ural region
S. K. Kuznetsov, N. N. Timonina, D. S. Kuznetsov" open="false" icons="true"}

We analyzed the mineral resource base of the Arctic zone of the Timan-Northern Ural region, including Vorkuta area, Komi Republic, Nenets Autonomous District, Vaygach Island, Novaya Zemlya archipelago. We presented data on the main mineral resources — oil and gas, energy and coking coals, lead-zinc, manganese, copper, chromium, barite ores, gold, fluorite. We showed that together with oil, gas and coal deposits the Khoylinskoe barite, Pavlovskoe lead-zinc, Amderminskoe fluorite deposits could be involved into the development. We determined promising, but still poorly studied areas, which are interesting for different minerals. For the first time we carried out the evaluation of minerals. The resources and reserves of oil and gas, coal, lead, zinc, manganese and chrome ores were the most valuable. The arctic zone of the Timan-Northern Ural region is characterized by considerable resource and value potential and deserves a great attention during the development of Russian Arctic and Subarctic regions.

Keywords: Arctic, Northern Timan, Polar Urals, Pay-Khoy, Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach Island, oil, gas, coal, ore deposits, evaluation.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-31-39

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{slider title="Nanoscale morphological characteristics of particles  of the synthetic natisite and paranatisite powders 
I. A. Perovskiy, N. N. Piskunova" open="false" icons="true"}

The article is devoted to obtaining of the new information in the development nanomineralogy ideas for functional materials. We performed the synthesis of the titanosilicate natisite Na2TiSiO5, which was special as material with Na+-ion conductivity suitable for preparing hi-tec ceramics. As the main synthesis method was chosen natisite autoclave hydrothermal synthesis, using as precursors the products of ammonium fluoride processing of the leucoxene Yarega deposit, allowing in the future to solve the problem of complex processing of mineral raw materials is important for the Komi republic. We found out that increasing synthesis time from six to twenty-four hours results in a pure natisite phase after a paranatisite phase. Nanoscale morphological characteristics for all powders were defined by the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM). We showed that the samples after six hours exposition are rough not only at micro-, but also at nanoscale. It is possible that these powders will be used as sorbents with the maximal surface area of composing particles. According to AFM the samples after twenty-four hours exposition represented well formed crystalline growth twins of cross type with practically smooth pinacoid surfaces and rare microscale inclusions. Nanoscale roughness on the flat areas was not determined for the samples of this powder. The ceramics, produced from such particles, should possess the highest ion-conductive characteristics.

Keywords: leucoxene, titanosilicates, surface nanomorphology.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-40-45

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{slider title=" Discriminant analysis of amino acid composition  of natural carbonaceous substances 
O. Ye. Amosova, Ye. A. Golubev, S. N. Shanina" open="false" icons="true"}

We conducted statistical estimation of difference in amino acid composition of natural carbonaceous materials, previously divided on the basis of physical and chemical features into groups according to Uspensky classification, by discriminant analysis. The samples of natural solid bitumens from a carbonization sequence (asphaltites — kerites — anthraxolites), natural graphites, and carbon black samples were used as objects of the research. It was shown that the samples within each group had similar amino acid composition and the correctness of an initial distribution of the samples into groups was confirmed. In addition, we found individual samples, which had been incorrectly classified as a result of inaccurate physical-chemical diagnostics, and also slightly different from the samples of their group by the geological and geochemical characteristics. This indicates possibility of using discriminant analysis for the comparative grouping of natural carbonaceous substances by amino acid composition.

Keywords: discriminant analysis, discriminant variables, canonical discriminant functions, natural carbonaceous substances, amino acids.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-11-46-53

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ХVIII International Coal Preparation Congress

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Conferences of mineral processing

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Summit of young researchers

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{slider title="Off-line pyrolysis of kerogen from domanik deposits of the Timan-Pechora basin
N. S. Burdel’naya, A. A. Derevesnikova, D. A. Bushnev " open="false" icons="true"}

We have studied the composition of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of kerogen pyrolysis products from Timan-Pechora basin domanik rocks characterized by different levels of thermal maturity of its organic matter. We determined regularities of changing pyrolysate composition with the growth of OM catagenesis, which were confined in the reduction of concentrations of n-alkanes and n-alkenes-1, n-alkylnaphthalenes and n-alkylbenzenes. By the middle of the main phase of oil formation the sulphur structures completely disappear from the kerogen matrix. In the most mature specimens of domanik kerogen the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons is comparable to their content in immature kerogen of Upper Jurassic shales from the East European platform, reflecting a good residual hydrocarbon potential of organic matter of catagenetically altered domanik deposits.

Keywords: kerogen, Domanik deposits, thermal maturation, pyrolysis.

DOI: DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-10-3-7

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{slider title="Middle carboniferous phosphorites of the yayyu suite in the Nyan’vorgavozh river basin (the lemva paleotectonic zone of the Urals)
V. A. Saldin " open="false" icons="true"}

Results of study of structures and composition of Middle Carboniferous phosphorite concretions in the Lemva paleotectonic zone are presented. The complexconstruction of the geological section is shown and Middle-Late Carboniferous fossils are presented. A variety of calcium phosphate microstructures (cryptocristalline, coagulatio-clotted, microbiomorphic, radiated) which is classified as a carbonate fluorapatite, and a version of its formation is suggested.

Keywords: Lemva paleotectonic zone of the Urals, Middle Carboniferous deposits, Yayyusuite, phosphates, fluorapatite.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-10-8-15

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{slider title="Metallogeny of carboniferous shales of the nyarovey series (Polar Urals) 
O. V. Grakova, N. S. Ulyasheva " open="false" icons="true"}

We have studied carbonaceous rocks of Nyarovey series (Polar Urals) to clarify their metallogenic specialization and establishment of the genesis of ore formations. Carbon material in shales presents graphite, the average values of the temperature of its formation, amounted to about 500 °C. REE Uranium-Thorium, sulfide, sulfate and copper mineralization has been identified. Formation of ore minerals is associated with metamorphic, and late postmetamorphic oxidation processes.

Keywords: metallogeny, carboniferous shales, nyarovey series.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-10-16-21

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{slider title=" New data on silurian stromatoporoids from the Bezymyanny creek 
(Chernov swell)
E. V. Antropova" open="false" icons="true"}

In the Bezymyanny Creek Silurjan section there are some problems of deposits dating, as far as clear lithological markers are not available and fauna complex is combined. Deposits are Wenlockjan dated based on brachiopod and coral fauna, conodont complex is Wenlockian and Llandoverian mixed. The paper presents results of Stromatoporoid complex researches that contain 11 species. One species is indicative for Wenlockjan, five for Ludlowjan and five are widely spread in Wenlockjan and Ludlowjan both. A rich stromatoporoid complex completes the faunistic characteristic of section and proves uneasy environment and importance continue dating research.

Keywords: Stromatoporoids, Silurian, Chernov Swell.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-10-22-31

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{slider title="Comparison of petrophysical characteristics of prenite-pumpellyite 
and amphibolite metamorphic facies (Kola peninsula)
O. M. Trishina, F. F. Gorbatsevich, V. R. Vetrin" open="false" icons="true"}

Petrophysical properties of the metavolcanites from the Matert Fm of the Pechenga palaeorift structure and the massif rocks of western Lake Chudzyavr have been studied. Metavolcanites of the Pechenga structure are metamorphosed at prehnite-pumpellyite and massif rocks of Lake Chudzyavr — at amphibolite facies. An assessment of the rock elastic anisotropy by the acoustopolariscopy method has been made, the densities, compression and shear wave velocities et al. have been determined in lab conditions. The simulation of density, velocity characteristics of the rocks has been carried out in order to assess their deep properties. According to the laboratory studies, the samples of prehnite-pumpellyite facies show greater densities, compression and shear wave velocities than those of amphibolite facies. It was shown that the model (calculated) densities, velocity characteristics of the massif rocks from Lake Chudzyavr were much greater than the experimental data. A comparison of the acoustopolarigrams shows that using the acoustopolariscopy method one can visually distinguish rocks of prehnite- pumpellyite facies from those of amphibolite facies of metamorphism.

Keywords: rocks, metamorphism, density, velocity, anisotropy, acoustopolariscopy.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-10-32-38

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{slider title="Phosphorite finds in the sezym formation 
(lower permian, Kos'yu-Rogovaya depression)
N. S. Inkina " open="false" icons="true"}

Phosphorite concretion and enclosing siliceous rocks in the Sezym Fm. of the Kosyu-Rogovaya Depression of the Pre-Urals Foredeep for the first time we found. Our studies showed that the Sezym Fm. was composed by mixtolites, carbonate, clayey, terrigenous and siliceous rocks. Phosphorites are only in one section. According to analytical data carbonateapatite, calcite and quartz are rock-forming in the concretions. These concretions can be used as marker bed for a correlation with analogous sections of the Pre-Urals Foredeep.

Keywords: Kos'yu-Rogovaya Depression, Lower Permian, Sezym Formation, phosphorite concretions, marker bed.

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{slider title="Pgm mineralization in sulphide ores of Savabeysky area 
(Central Pay-Khoy, Ugra peninsula)
R. I. Shaybekov, A. V. Zhuravlev " open="false" icons="true"}

The paper presents the results of study of the PGM mineralization, associated with the copper-nickel sulfide ores using electron microscopy and, for the first time, X-ray microtomography methods for Savabeysky ores located within Khenguryu gabbro-dolerite complex of Pay-Khoy. PGM mineralization is represented by bismuth-antimony and antimony-bismuth palladium tellurrides, kotulskite, sperrylite, hessite, bismuth-telluride and gold.

Keywords: Ugra Peninsula, Pay-Khoy, Khengur gabbro-dolerite complex, sulfide copper-nickel mineralization, SEM, XCT, sulphides, platinum group minerals.

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{slider title="Crystal-chemical features of globular layer silicates 
from the Chim-Lоptyuga oil shale deposit
Y. S. Simakova" open="false" icons="true"}

The results of mineralogical investigation of globular phyllosilicates (glauconite and mixed-layer minerals) from the Chim-Lоptiuga pyroschist deposit are presented. Grains were studied using modern chemical and physical methods: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microprobe analyses, infra-red spectroscopy.

Special attention was given to the crystal-chemical features of mineral and processes of glauconite formation in the producting rocks.

Keywords: glauconite, smectite, mixed-layer minerals, formations of phyllosilicates.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-10-52-57

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Original with natural facet (to the 60th jubilee of V. I. Rakin)

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Utstanding prospector (to the 50th jubilee of I. N. Burtsev)

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{slider title="Features of the Upper Ludlow deposits in the Silurian key section on the western slope of the Subpolar Urals
V. A. Matveev, B. I. Kanev" open="false" icons="true"}

Silurian key succession of the western Subpolar Urals is exposed on the Kozhym River, in the section 236. In this paper, lithology of carbonate rocks of the Sizim Stage (Ludlow) exposed in that section is discussed. It is demonstrated that in formation of limestones and dolostones significant role was played by various benthic organisms, including cyanobacteria — the main builders of stromatolites which existed in extremely shallow-water conditions.

Keywords: Sizim stage, Ludlow, Silur, stromatolites.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-3-8

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{slider title="Fluid mode of gold-telluride-palladium mineralization formation in Krutoy deposit (Pay-Khoy)
N. V. Sokerina, R. I. Shaybekov, S. N. Shanina, S. I. Isaenko" open="false" icons="true"}

For the first time we studied the conditions of formation of gold-telluride-palladium mineralization in Krutoy deposit. It is confined to the central part of khengursky basalt complex. This deposit is represented by a NW elongated gabbro-dolerite body located in Middle Ordovician argillaceous shales. The gold-telluride-palladium mineralization is mainly associated with quartz-chalcopyrite veins. The mineral-forming fluid is characterized by a very low gas saturation. According to the composition of the gas phase the inclusions are divided into nitrogen-methane and carbon dioxide-nitrogen. The mineral-formation fluids are dominated by magnesium and calcium salts. We determined that the formation temperature of the vein quartz was close to 300—490 °C. The sulfide and associated gold-telluride mineralization was formed at lower temperatures, less than 260 °C.

Keywords: gold-telluride-palladium mineralization, fluid inclusions, gabbro-dolerite, gas chromatography, Raman spectroscopy.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-9-13

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{slider title="New data on Gerdizsky granites (Polar Urals)
A. S. Shuysky, I. I. Golubeva" open="false" icons="true"}

Dedicated to V.N. Okhotnikov and L.V. Makhlaev — known
researchers of geology of Russian polar areas

The paper presents new data on the petrography and geochemistry of granitic bodies from the north-eastern part of Gerdizsky massif. The genesis of gneissic structure of granites from this massif is still controversial. Researchers assume autochthonous origin by granitisation processes, and others — intrusive genesis. The study of the granite body of north-eastern part of Gerdizsky massif revealed that granites, interpreted as ultrametamorphogenous autochthonous formations, are intrusive A-granites and the characteristic gneissic structure of rocks is formed by tectonic effects.

Keywords: A-granites, cataclastic structure, Gerdizsky massif, Polar Urals.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-14-20

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{slider title="Morphology of the early ontogenetic stages of advanced Siphonodellids 
(conodnta, early carboniferous) 
A. N. Plotitsyn, A. V. Zhuravlev" open="false" icons="true"}

Possibility of taxonomic diagnostics of the juvenile Pa-elements of the advanced Siphonodella is considered. The set of the observable taxonomic features varies significantly in dependence of the ontogeny stage. The adult Pa-elements demonstrate full association of morphological features, but the juvenile forms can be distinguished just on the basis of carina curvature, platform outline and ornamentation, the rostrum morphology, and the element symmetry. Some species share these features and are indistinguishable at the early stages of ontogeny. Siphonodella crenulata, S. duplicata, S. quasinuda, S. semichatovae M2, S. lobata are recognizable at the earliest ontogenetic stage. The group having numerous long ridges can be differentiated at the species level just since the second stage of ontogeny (elements composed by more than 4 lamella sets). Siphonodells with more than two short ridges and S. hassi can be determined since the second stage ontogeny too.

Keywords: conodonts, Siphonodella, ontogeny, juvenile forms, Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-21-26

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{slider title="Amino acid composition of domanik shales
S. N. Shanina, D. A. Boushnev, N. S. Burdelnaya" open="false" icons="true"}

The amino acid composition of organic matter of the domanik shales from a section of rivers Chut and Sharyu was studied. It was established that aliphatic amino acids prevailed in group composition of the amino acids that was typical for algal organic matter. It was shown that amino acids distribution in domanik samples depended on organic matter catagenesis and mineral composition of rocks. The values of carbon isotope of individual amino acids in studied shales indicate that organic matter of Timano-Pechora domanik rocks is composed primarily of the marine type of organic matter.

Keywords: amino acids, domanik shale, kerogen, carbon isotope of individual amino acids.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-27-32

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The benefits of the article are defined by the deficiency of phosphate fertilizer in Siberia region. Deposits of bedrock and secondary (karst) phosphorites of Oka-Khubsugul basin (Southern Buryatia) that may have industrial significance are still underexplored. Mineralogical and material aspects of karst phosphorites of Haranurskoe deposit that could be able to produce phosphate fertilizer are discussed. Lithochemical layer-by-layer investigation of the karst ore body is accomplished for the first time. 10 clusters, based on the 53 quantitative analysis of oxides, were chosen. It helped to specify litological characteristics of those natural objects.

Keywords: karst phosphorites, carbonate-fluoroapatite, iron- and aluminium-bearing phosphate, lithochemical properties, lithochemistry.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-33-37

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We studied the peculiarities of the color change of heat-resistant material based on aluminum titanate obtained by high temperature heat treatment and quenching in liquid nitrogen equimolar mixtures jointly precipitated hydroxides of aluminium and titanium or mechanical grinding of the respective oxides. The composition of the original mixture of oxides of aluminum and titanium was controled by chemical analysis. The phase composition of the synthesized samples was determined by x-ray powder diffraction. Quantitative determination of Ti³⁺ ions in the titanate aluminium and kinetic parameters of oxidation-restoration were performed by the EPR method. In the aluminum titanate obtained by quenching in liquid nitrogen annealed at 1550—1300 °C of equimolar mixture Al ₂O ₃ and TiO ₂, titanium ions are partially restored to the trivalent paramagnetic state, stabilized by the nearest oxygen vacancies, with concentration no more than 0.1 % of the total content of titanium. When the firing temperature is in the range 1550—1450 °C oxides of aluminum and titanium are fully transformered in pseudobrookite titanate aluminum, and the activation energy of its partial dissociation with occurrence of Ti³⁺ is 4.9 ± 0.4 eV. The presence of small amounts of Ti³⁺ in the lattice of tempered aluminum titanate results grey-violet, bluish color. The color centers remain stable in the atmosphere up to 1100 °C, the process of oxidation of titanium is characterized by activation energy of 1.1 ± 0.3 eV.

Keywords: aluminium titanate, joint hydroxide precipitation, hardening, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), color centers, mechanically mixed powders.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-8-38-43

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Informational letter about the 25th Scientific Conference «Structure, substance, history of lithosphere of Timan-Northern Ural segment»

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{slider title="Fluid formation mode of the Golets Vysochayshy gold field 
(Lensky gold region)
N. V. Sokerina, S. A. Onishchenko, S. I. Isaenko" open="false" icons="true"}

We have studied fluid inclusions in the quartz of recrystallized gold sulfide layers and in a pyrrhotine-quartz vein of the Golets Vysochayshy field confined to carboniferous shales of Riphean khomolkhinskaya suite. Methods of  homogenization, cryometry and Raman spectroscopy were used for the investigations. The study allowed estimating conditions of the metamorphogenic-hydrothermal stage of ore formation. The mineral formation proceeded in aqueous solutions with the salinity 7—13 wt. % NaCl eq., containing nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide with a small amount of propane and ethane. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions in the quartz of laminated sulfide segregations was 232—473 °C, usually within 310—370 °C; a higher homogenization temperature (up to 507 °C) was observed in the inclusions in a pyrrhotine-quartz vein. It was assumed that the recovered (CO₂/CH₄<0.3) methane-nitrogen fluids, generated in black shales, interacted with the abyssal oxidized carbon dioxide aqueous fluids in the mineralization zone.

Keywords: fluid inclusions, gold, carboniferous shales.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-7-3-9

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{slider title="Iron meteorite Big Dolguchan: results of mineralogical-geochemical researches
V. I. Silaev, V. A. The Kokin, V. N. Filippov, D. V. Kiseleva, N. S. Nefedeva" open="false" icons="true"}

The results of mineralogical and geochemical studies of iron meteorite Big Dolguchan are discussed. The meteorite is characterized by taxitic structure, 85—90 % nickel-iron composition contains more than 50 microelements, abnormally enriched Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Tl, W, Pb, Mo, B, Re. Also the admixture of free isotopically light carbon is revealed. The mineral composition is determined by the iron-nickel intermetallic compounds and alloys, troilite unprecedented chemical and nominal composition of chromespinelides. For the first time in meteorites we discovered a silicon phase, which is probably composed of silicon hydrides or (and) lithium silicide. From the combination of microstructural and mineralogical and geochemical properties of the Big Dolguchan is to be attributed to a group of single Anomalies UNGR. 

Keywords: iron meteorite, microstructure, intermetallic compounds and alloys, nickel-iron, troilite, chromite, silicon phase.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-7-10-18

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{slider title="Nyartin metamorphic complex in the Subpolar Urals: the primary nature of metamorphic rocks 
and paleogeographic conditions of formation of the protoliths
P. A. Markova" open="false" icons="true"}

The article presents the results of petrogeochemical studies of rocks of the Lower Proterozoic gneiss-migmatite Nyartin complex in the Subpolar Urals, the material composition of which is still relatively poorly investigated. The considered complex is composed of polymetamorphic formations; this makes the using of traditional petrographic and lithologic methods for identification of their primary nature very difficult or impossible. In this case, the decisive importance for establishing the primary substrate of metamorphites is their chemistry.

Reconstruction of the original composition of metamorphites was carried out, and the paleogeographic conditions of protolith formation were performed for the first time on the basis of interpretation of previously published papers on the chemical and mineralogical composition of rocks, and new petro- and geochemical data. It was found that the igneous rocks of andesite-basaltic set of tholeiite and calc-alkaline series were initial formations for orthometamorfites. Polymicticaleurolites, greywacke and quartz-feldspathic sandstones were substrate for metaterrigenous rocks. In turn, the igneous rocks of basic and acid composition as well as recycled sediments with different degrees of petrochemical maturity were original material for aleurolites and sandstones. The formation of volcanic-sedimentary substrate of the Nyartin metamorphites took place in the dry cold climate at quite strongly rugged topography.

Keywords: the Subpolar Urals, the Nyartin complex, lithogeochemistry, substrate of metamorphites.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-7-19-32

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{slider title="Lower Paleozoic metasandstones in the Ochenyrd Range (Polar Urals)
N. Yu. Nikulova" open="false" icons="true"}

The results of studying the composition of Lower Paleozoic metasandstones in the northwest of the Polar Urals have been summarized in the article. Geochemical features of these rocks were revealed, and sources of terrigenous material and conditions of sedimentation were suggested. With the help of geochemical diagrams three lithological varieties of metasandstones were distinguished and characterized. The association of volcanomictic metasandstones and underlying Upper Riphean mafic volcanic rocks was confirmed. We discovered that the micaceous metasandstones resembled those from Alkesvog Formation in the Polar Urals.

Keywords: metasandstones, chemical composition, detrital material, source area, sedimentation conditions.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-7-33-42

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{slider title="3D geological model of the Crimean training geological ground
D. O. Mashin" open="false" icons="true"}

The 3D geological model of the Crimean training ground is presented. The model represented a three-dimensional structural and tectonic wireframe mesh with thickness 700 m and area 90 sq. km and interpreted spatial relationship of MZ-KZ rocks and faults.

Keywords: 3D geological model, computer modeling, Crimean training geological ground.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-7-43-45

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The Upper Devonian — Lower Carboniferous stratigraphic interval of the North of Urals and Urals Foredeep is promising for search of hydrocarbons and other mineral deposits. So urgent is the establishment of a detailed stratigraphic framework and the identification of levels with the high correlation potential. Conodont biostratigraphic boundaries (expansa, praesulcata, sulcata, duplicata, sandbergi, quadruplicata, and isosticha zones) and global events (Dasberg, Hangenberg, and Lower Alum Shale) in the Upper Famennian — Tournaisian of the North Urals and Chernyshev Swell (Kozhim River section, Syvyu River section, Izyael River section and Malaya Usa River section) are characterized. As a result the levels having the highest correlation potential (base of the sulcata Zone, base of the quadruplicata Zone, transgressive phases of the Hangenberg Event and Lower Alum Shale Event) are identified. Detailed studies of the distribution of conodonts in the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary interval revealed that taxa Polygnathus purus Voges and Pseudopolygnathus primus Branson et Mehl begin its spread on the level of the first appearance of Siphonodella sulcata (Huddle). Consequently, they are on a par with Siphonodella sulcata (Huddle) can determine the position of the boundary between the systems in the sections of the North Urals and Chernyshev Swell.

Keywords: conodonts, Famennian, Tournaisian, correlation levels, biostratirgraphy, events.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-7-46-53

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Year 2016 — the sixteenth graduating class of students-geologists, the third edition of the bachelor

{slider title="Composition of biomarkers of bitumen from coals and enclosing deposits in north-eastern Pechora coal basin 
D. A. Boushnev, O. V. Valyaeva, I. S. Kotik, N. S. Burdelnaya, I. N. Burtsev " open="false" icons="true"}

We have studied the composition of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of bitumen of coals and carbonaceous argillites from Permian deposits of north-eastern Pechora coal basin by gas chromatography and chromato-mass-spectrometry. The composition of normal alkanes and distribution of sterane hydrocarbons in bitumen testified to that terrigenous organic matter was the main component of Permian coals from the studied area. The identification of 19-norisopimarane and retene in the bitumen composition of the Upper Permian deposits is the evidence of the contribution of coniferous plants to the initial coal biomass composition, and their irregular distribution in the section indicated a change (changes) of the species composition of conifer fossil vegetation in the Late Permian time. The evaluation of coal rank of the studied deposits by MPI-1 and MPDF values testified the coals are high to medium volatile bituminous.

Keywords: coal, deposits of Permian age, biomarkers, retene, 19-norisopimarane.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-3-10

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{slider title="Garnet from metaultramafic rocks of maksutovo complex (South Ural) 
P. М. Valizer, A. I. Rusin, A. A. Krasnobaev " open="false" icons="true"}

The garnet from metaultramafic rocks is considered as an important sign of UHP-HP formation conditions. Garnets were investigated from forsterite-enstatite rock and antigorite serpentinite of the eclogite-glaucophane schists Maksutovo Complex. Garnets was selected from the large samples (150—200 kg.) that were fractioned to 0.25 mm. Further, the fraction was treated to a heavy concentrate with subsequent selection from it the garnets. They have been analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope REMMA-202M with microprobe in the mode of secondary electrons.

The garnets from metaultramac rocks formed a heterogeneous community and they represented different of species pyrope-almandine, almandine, grossular-almandine and almandine-spessartine and are similar to garnets of the eclogites, garnet-clinopyroxenite and glaucophane rocks which spatially and genetically related with them. They contain inclusions of UHP-HP minerals. Low-calcium pyrope-almandine garnet reflects the processes of early metamorphic in conditions of granulite facies of metamorphism for forsterite-enstatite rocks. 
Keywords: Maksutovo Complex, garnet, forsterite-enstatite rock, antigorite serpentinite, eclogite, garnet-clinopyroxene rocks.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-6-11-17

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{slider title="Kinetic features of formation of supramolecular structures based on silica monodispersed spherical particles 
D. V. Kamashev" open="false" icons="true"}

We have established that when the formation of supramolecular structures of spherical silica particles with a diameter of 220—320 nm is limited by the rate of entering of the particles into the zone of sediment formation (sediment deposition in a tube of constant cross section), the rate of particles deposition, as well as the rate of formation of the supramolecular structure, composed of them, are strictly linear. At the same time, in conditions of an excessive disperse phase in the zone of formation of the supramolecular structure (sediment deposition in a tube with a modified crosssection) the rate of deposition is also linear, but the process of formation of the supramolecular structure is delayed. The smaller the size of the disperse phase particles, the greater this delay. After the end of formation of the supramolecular structure, an area with increased concentration of the dispersed phase remains over it, which height the greater, the smaller is the particle size.

We have showed that the beginning of the formation of a supramolecular structure requires a certain concentration of the disperse phase in the disperseenvironment, below which the formation of supramolecularly ordered structure does notoccur. The value of the concentration of the dispersed phase, required to start formation of a supramolecular structure, is a constant, not changing with time; and it depends only on particle size.
Keywords: asupramolecular structure, supramolecular crystallization kinetics, monodisperse spherical silica particles, a noble opal.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-6-18-23

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{slider title="Improving X-ray microtomography resolution 
A. A. Shtyrlyaeva, A. V. Zhuravlev" open="false" icons="true"}

We suggest the method to increase the radiodensity resolution of the industrial microtomographes (SkyScan). The method is based on the filter with a narrow transmission spectrum (60—90 keV with 100—130 kV source voltage). The filter is composed of lead-containing glass 2.14 mm thick.

Keywords: X-ray microtomography, spatial resolution, radiodensity, source voltage, filter, core sample.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-6-24-27

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{slider title="Processing technology of flotation tailings by using combined flotation reagents 
L. V. Semushkina, D. K. Turysbekov, N. K. Tussupbayev, O. B. Коtova" open="false" icons="true"}

We tested technologies of processing of flotation tailings by using combined flotation reagent on the example of tailings from Zhezkazgan plant and Tishinskoe deposit (Kazakhstan). The combined collector is a mixture of composite aerofloat, TS-1000 and butyl xanthate with reactant ratios 1:1:3. The advantage of the suggested flotation reagent is its composition including two polar groups and a long hydrocarbon radical. We showed that the flotation of Zhezkazgan tailings using smaller consumption of combined reagent in comparison with butyl xanthate resulted in the draft copper concentrate with copper content 13.0 % at recovery 80.22 %. In comparison with the base technology the content of copper in the draft concentrate increases at 5.1 %, and the recovery — increases at 31.4 %. At flotation of Tishinskoe deposit tailings the copper recovery into the collective concentrate increases at 9.63 %, lead — at 8.41 %; zinc — at 9.2 %. 

Keywords: flotation tailings, regrinding, extraction, recovery.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-6-28-32

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{slider title="Energy-driven phase changes of bauxites [short communication] 
I. N. Razmyslov " open="false" icons="true"}

Bauxites from the Vezhayu-Vorykvinskoe deposit (Middle Timan, Russia) are characterized by a considerable iron content, which negatively affect the ore proccesing. Using modern instrument base for mineralogical studies the author conducted test experiments proving the changes of phase composition and magnetic properties of bauxites after thermal and radiation-thermal processing. The results will allow reconsidering technologies of bauxite processing.

Keywords: high-ferriferous bauxites, thermal processing, accelerated electron processing, magnetic properties.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-6-33-34

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To the anniversary of N. P. Yushkin

Remained in memory...

The Third Yushkin Readings

Cavalese and Komi Republic closer to each other

{slider title="Micronanoblock crystal growth
A. M. Askhabov " open="false" icons="true"}

In connection with the anniversary of academician N. P. Yushkin we discussed the development of ideas about the growth of crystals by aggregating crystal particles called micro block growth of crystals by N. P. Yushkin. It is shown that micro and nano block crystal growth does not conflict with modern concepts of crystallization processes. Moreover, in recent years there has been a growing interest in non-classical mechanisms of nucleation and crystal growth.

Keywords: micronanoblocks, crystal growth, quatarons.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-5-13-18

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{slider title="Current research of fossil bone detritus: paleontology, mineralogy, geochemistry 
V. I. Silaev, D. V. Ponomarev, S. N. Shanina, I. V. Smoleva, 
E. M. Tropnikov, A. F. Khazov" open="false" icons="true"}

We characterize the principles and methods of mineralogical and geochemical studies of fossil bone detritus in order to obtain a variety of information about the primary biological properties of the organisms and the conditions and results of the fossilization of their skeletal remains. Examples of studying the microstructure of the bone (optical, scanning electron, atomic force probe microscopy), and nano porous (kinetic nitrogen adsorption-desorption), chemical composition (X-ray fluorescence analysis), trace elements (mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma), phase composition biomineral components (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy), elemental (gas chromatography), a molecular group (IR spectroscopy), an amino acid (gas chromatography) of the composition of bone collagen, the isotopic composition of C, O and N (isotope ratio mass spectrometry in conjunction with gas chromatography) are discussed. It is concluded that the development of a conscious and fruitful use of multiple precision complex mineralogical, physical, physica-chemical and chemical methods can ensure a successful future of paleontology.

Keywords: fossil bones, mineralogical and geochemical studies, genetic information.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-5-19-31

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{slider title="Vertex and rib truncations of closed simple forms: 
for the 280th anniversary of Zh. B. L. Romeu de Lille 
and the 80th anniversary of N. P. Yushkin 
Yu. L. Voytekhovsky, D. G. Stepenschikov" open="false" icons="true"}

In 2016 we celebrate the 80th anniversary of N. P. Yushkin — our contemporary, who in his lifetime  became a classic of Russian mineralogy. One of the original features of his scientific style — ability to find forgotten ideas from ancient tomes, it would seem, having a purely historical interest. A vivid evidence — a preprint of scientific report [3], without losing freshness for three decades. Taking the example of the teacher, the authors of this article solve the problem of vertex and rib truncations of crystalline polyhedron by one of the founders of  crystal morphology — Z. B. L. Romeu de Lisle, which 280th anniversary we celebrate this year.

Keywords: closed simple forms, vertex truncations, rib truncations, combination of simple forms, geometric dual form.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-5-32-37

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{slider title="Geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircon from pizhemskoe titanium deposit (Middle Timan) 
A. B. Makeyev, A. O. Krasotkina, S. G. Skublov" open="false" icons="true"}

The geochemical studies are devoted to the memory of Academician N. P. Yushkin, who during his life paid much attention to this scientific direction. For the first time zircons from the titanium ores of Pizhemskoe deposit were analyzed with local dating (U-Pb method, SHRIMP-II). The wide range of age values within the interval from 2740 Ma to 334 Ma was determined. The ages could be arranged into three groups: neoproterozoic (5 points), meso- paleoproterozoic (26 points), archaean (3 points) with marked polymodal distribution of maximums in the intervals of 600, 900, 1000—1600, 1600—2000 and 2660–2740 Ma. The geochemical type of zircon with xenotime heterovalent isomorphism (Zr+Si)⁴⁺  (Y+REE)³⁺ + P⁵⁺ was determined. The relatively low Y + REE content in the range of 150 to 3000 ppm is common for the majority of grains. However the data selecting includes more than 10 % of zircon grains with anomalously high total content of these elements up to 1—3.5 % wt., which also correlates with P content. The obtained material corresponds to the dating results and geochemistry of zircons selected from overlying conglomerate-breccia bed of the Ichetyu occurrence and chetlasskiy lamprophyres. The specific «Timansky» type of yttrium-phosphorus-rare-earth zircon was determined. This fact proves a single zircon source for both industrial sites. In addition zircon could originate from different depth levels of underlying crystal basement. The zircon dating shows that the titaniferous formation is elder than it was considered earlier (Middle Devonian) and its age should be estimated as Precambrian. 

Keywords: zircon, Pizhemskoe deposit, U-Pb age, rare earth elements, Middle Timan.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-5-38-52

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{slider title="Study of supermolecular structure of fibrous kerite from Volyn 
Ye. A. Golubev, O. V. Martirosyan" open="false" icons="true"}

We present results of the study of Volyn fibrous kerite by the atomic force and scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis. The supermolecular structure of kerite, consisting of nano-sized fibers and globules, is described. The results of IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis show that Volyn kerite previously ranked among the higher oxidized kerite group, chemically corresponds to the lower oxidized kerite. This research is devoted to the memory of Academician N. P. Yushkin who in his last years devoted much attention to this unique natural bitumen. He considered it as one of the fundamental building blocks to create his theory of hydrocarbons crystals as protoorganisms and biological systems predecessors.

Keywords: Volyn kerite, supermolecular structure, atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-5-53-58

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{slider title="Formation, origin and age of brines from Volga-Ural oil and gas basin 
V. G. Popov, R. F. Abdrakhmanov" open="false" icons="true"}

The article is devoted to the fundamental problem of modern genetic hydrogeochemistry and petroleum hydrogeology — to clarify the nature and age of the brines dominating in hydrostratisphere of epi-Karelian platforms. On the basis of more than 500 analyzes of macro- and micronutrients we made a geochemical typification of Volga-Ural brines and presented our ideas about their formation and origin. The genesis of calcium chloride brines was associated with the processes of density convection of uterine magnesium chloride brine from the Lower Permian evaporite paleoreservoir into the underlying Paleozoic complexes and its subsequent metamorphism mainly due to the metasomatic dolomitization of limestones. The epigenetic character of calcium chloride brines was confirmed by hydrogeochronological estimates made by a kinetic-geochemical method. The interpretation of geochemical genetic information indicated a possible contribution of the Urals in the oil and gas potential of the Volga-Ural region.

Keywords: Volga-Ural oil and gas basin, brines, formation, origin, age.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-4-3-6

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{slider title="Material composition and conditions of formation of Upper Proterozoic 
and Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician sandstones of the northwestern Pay-Khoy 
T. A. Kaneva, N. Yu. Nikulova, E. V. Starikova" open="false" icons="true"}

We present the results of our study of the Upper Proterozoic and Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician sandstones in the Northwestern Pay-Khoy Ridge to find diagnostic lithochemical criteria for the paleontological silent strata genesis. We established that oceanic island arc had been the area of formation of tuffaceous Late Riphean-Vendian sandstones of morozovskaya and sokolninskaya formations and island arc volcaniclastics — the main source of detritus. We revealed the affiliation of the Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician sandstones of hengurskaya formation to sedimentary coastal-marine formations formed under the conditions of active and passive continental margins. We found that a significant role in the formation of their structure, alongside with basic and intermediate volcanics compositions, was played by metasedimentary rocks, and especially the material composition of the hengurskaya sandstones supports their value as a target for ancient metamorphosed placer.

Keywords: sandstone, chemical composition, clastic material, formation area, conditions of sedimentation, volcanics.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-4-7-16

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{slider title="Environmental conditions features of alluvial sedimentation during the Holocene 
(south-western Timan-Pechora-Vychegda region) 
M. N. Buravskaya, Yu. V. Golubeva" open="false" icons="true"}

The paper embraces results of the Holocene alluvium in the Izhma, Vym’ and Vychegda rivers valleys study. The study is concerned with succession of paleogeographical events during Holocene in the south-western Timan-Pechora-Vychegda region. Conditions of the sedimentation and the alluvium facies depending on the rivers location in different geological areas have been identified by lithological methods. Pollen data provide a basis for reconstruction of vegetation and climate dynamics. Four stages of vegetation and climate changes have been reconstructed in the Izhma and Vym’ rivers valleys. Seventeen stages have been reconstructed in the Vychegda river valley in consequence of occurrence of older valley peat bogs there.

Keywords: Holocene, paleogeography, palinology, alluvium, facies.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-4-17-23

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{slider title="A new Loseva Formation of Silurian—Lower Devonian Northern 
Pay-Khoy carbonate parautochthone 
A. V. Zhuravlev" open="false" icons="true"}

The Lower Silurian Lower Devonian of the NW of Yugra Peninsula (NW of the Pay-Khoy carbonate parautochthone) is represented by organogenous carbonates 330—350 m thick. The new Loseva Formation, comprising these deposits, is proposed. The formation overlays the Late Ordovician Sarmik Fm. (O₃sr), and is overlaid by the Early Devonian Rif Fm. (D₁rf). The Loseva Fm. (S₁-D₁ls) is composed of gray organogenous limestones with numerous algal and bryozoan and stromatoporoid buildups, and their debris fans. The areal stratotype of the Loseva Fm. is located in the Loseva Cape. The characteristic features of the formation are the following: presence of numerous algal and bryozoan and stromatoporoid buildups; mainly gray colored sediments. The formation age ranges from the Early Silurian through the Lokhovian (Early Devonian).

Keywords: Loseva Formation, Silurian, Lower Devonian, stratigraphy, Pay-Khoy.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-4-24-28

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{slider title="Mineral composition of colors of icons from the lower Pechora river
I. S. Astakhova, N. E. Plaksina" open="false" icons="true"}

The article presents the results of study of mineral colors with icons of the 18th century “The Holy Virgin of three hands”, “Archangel Michael the terrible Governor”, “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker”. Natural paint was studied by X-ray, X-ray fluorescent and microprobe analyses. It was established that pigments with similar chemical and mineral composition were used in all three icons. The red pigment was vermilion. The brown pigment was ochre illite-montmorillonite composition with phase iron of smectite composition. Blue-green pigment had mainly a montmorillonite composition. The similar chemical and mineral composition resulted in our conclusion about the source material for all three icons, hypothetically attributable to different icon-painting workshops - Velikopozhensky monastery and Vygoleksinsky community.

Keywords: mineral paints, pigments, icons, Velikopozhensky monastery, Vygoleksinsky community.

DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-4-29-33

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First find of banalsite-stronalsite in Ural 
E. V. Medvedeva, A. B. Nemov, V. A. Kotlyarov

Using fossil «fingerprints» to circumscribe the paleogeography 
of two Alaskan terranes along the Uralian seaway in the late silurian 
Anna I. Antoshkina and Constance M. Soja

Primary composition of rocks of the nyarovey series (Polar Urals) 
N. S. Ulyasheva, O. V. Grakova

Silurian chitinozoans from Varna section 
R. R. Yakupov

February readings — 2016

Women-pioneers of Pechora region 
(on the 125th anniversary of M. I. Shulga-Nesterenko)

Sequence composition and conodonts of the Kara Formation 
(Lower Carboniferous) of the Amderma District of the Northern Pay-Khoy 
A. V. Zhuravlev, A. I. Gerasimova

Mineralogy of Мalomyr gold-sulphide deposit (Far East)
D. O. Ozhogin

Kerch oolitic iron ores and possibilities of their technological modification
V. P. Lutoev, V. I. Silaev, A. Yu. Lysiuk, S. S. Shevchuk

Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO₂ nanotubes from concentrate of titanium ore 
of Pizhemskoe deposit (Russia)
O. B. Kotova, A.V. Ponaryadov, L. A. Gömze

«Modelling of natural processes according to V. A. Petrovsky» 
(to 70th Anniversary). A. Sukharev

Information about dissertation councils. V. Rakin, T. Beznosova

Yushkin Readings – 2016