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On the cover: golden dragon (jasper, jade, metal, spinel, 8 x 10 cm). Collection by A. P. Borovinskikh
Photo by R. Shuktomov

Scientific articles

{slider title="A. N. Sandula" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.12.1

The Upper Pechora basin is part of the northeastrn margin of the European Platform. In the Paleozoic, it was located within the carbonate shelf of the passive continental margin. According to A. I. Eliseev, Visean terrrigenous-carbonate (platamovy type) and Upper Visean-Lower Artinskian carbonate (kaleydovy type) formations occupy the upper part of the final sedimentation cycle of the formations row. According to new data, the history of the geological development of the Upper Pechora basin of the Late Visean-Asselian period has significant differences. Four types can be distinguished in the structure of sediments according to the composition of rocks: siliceous-clay-limestone, limestone, dolomite-limestone, siliceous-limestone. They were formed during three stages respective to the time of formation of three transgressive-regressive cyclites: the Visean-Serpukhovian, Bashkirian-Moscovian, Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian. The studied deposits are divided into lithological complexes: siliceous-clay-carbonate of open sea (Tulian), siliceous-carbonate of open sea (Aleksinian-Early Mikhailovian, Bashkirian-Early Moscovian, Kasimovian-Midle Gzhelian), carbonate of shallow-shallow (Late Mikhailovian-Protvinian, Moscovian), and also the Late Gzhelian-Asselian shallow-depression (siliceous-limestone, limestone, clay-limestone). Lithological complexes, formed in open-sea conditions, belong to formations from the platamovy type and in shallow-shallow conditions — to formations from the kaleidovy type (by Eliseev, 2008).

Keywords: geological formations, carbonate deposits, Lower Carboniferous — Lower Permian, Northern Urals.

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4—15

{slider title="Stromatolites in the Upper Visean sediments of the Pacha-Lasta section
(Ilych River, Northern Urals)
A. N. Shadrin, R. M. Ivanova, E. S. Ponomarenko" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.12.2

The object of the study is the carbonate section «Pacha-Lasta» (Ilych river, Northern Urals). The work is based on the study of the composition, structure of rocks and species diversity of the foraminifera contained in them. The rocks are represented by various limestones with numerous remains of foraminifera, brachiopods, corals, echinoderms, frequent calcispheres and rare stromatolites. Based on the presence in the complex of certain foraminifera genera Biseriella, Globivalvulina, various Eostaffella (including E. ikensis tenebrosa) as well as the species Endothyranopsis sphaerica and Asteroarchaediscus baschkiricus, the Venusian age of the deposits is reliably established. Stromatolite formations, which are not characteristic of the same-age deposits of the area, were established at two intervals of the studied section. They are composed of micritized colonies of cyanobacteria, among which Ortonella and Girvanella are identified. These formations belong to the type of skeletal stromatolites, which in the Silurian and Late Devonian had a certain paleogeographic position and fixed the margin of the carbonate platform. For the Ilych River basin, a consistent decrease in relative sea level is assumed after the Early Visean transgression with a change in the conditions of the open sublittoral (Tula and Aleksinsky horizons) to the conditions of insular shallow water (Mikhailovsky and Venevsky horizons). In the latter, stromatolites can sometines occur, which are not characteristic of the Upper Visean deposits of the area.

Keywords: stratigraphy, paleogeography, foraminifera, stromatolites, Visean, Northern Urals.

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16—23

{slider title="А new location of stromatolites in the Middle Timan:
their morphological and structural features
Е. V. Antropova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.12.3

The paper presents the results of macroscopic and microscopic study of Riphean stromatolites of the Pavyuga Formation from a new locality on the left bank of the Vorykva River (Middle Timan). The stromatolites form a stromatolite bioherm. The microstructure of the stromatolite assemblages is characterised by layering of different composition and granularity; traces of organogenic formations of clotted and filamentous type were found in microgranular interlayers. Numerous traces of secondary transformations, such as pyritization, dolomitization on shells, and fenestra formation, were noted. The taxonomic affiliation of the stromatolites to the species Gimnosolen sp. and Inseria djejimi Raab. allows dating to the Late Riphean. A similar association is known from the upper part of the Pavyuga Formation, but the colonies of stromatolites are orientated disorderly in that association, which indicates the environment of the organogenic buildup margins.

Keywords: Stromatolithes, Bystrinsk Group, correlation, microbial structure, Middle Timan.

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24—29

{slider title="Late Devonian plume Tsilemsky dyke (Middle Timan):
composition and K-Ar age
A. S. Shuisky, K. V. Kulikova, O. V. Udoratina, V. A. Lebedev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.12.4

The trachytes of the Tsilemsky Kamen of Middle Timan are rocks of the Shoshonitic series. The rocks have a microporphyry structure with a bostonite groundmass. Trachytes contain two varieties of potassium feldspar. The laths of the groundmass are composed of igneous sanidine, and the small grains along the edges of subisometric late quartz segregations are composed of hydrothermal microcline. Dating of trachytes by the K-Ar method gave an age of 365±8 Ma; the intrusion of the alkaline dike occurred in the Late Devonian. These rocks, along with trap basalts, recorded the occurrence of several pulses of plume magmatism on Timan in Devonian time.

Keywords: Middle Timan, trachytes, K-Ar age, plume.

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30—36

{slider title="Relative role of dynamic pressure forces and viscous stresses
in tectonically active transition zones of the Earth
S. V. Gavrilov, A. L. Kharitonov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.12.5

This article shows the role of dynamic non–hydrostatic pressure forces and viscous stresses in asthenosphere of tectonically active transition zones from the continent to the ocean. We have studied zones of active tectonic processes in the lithosphere and the underlying mantle, affecting the lithospheric blocks, the day surface of the Earth and the boundaries of density inhomogeneities. We showed the predominant influence of viscous stresses on the formation of mantle diapers and often associated hydrocarbon deposits. In subduction zones, in which a large-scale descending convective flow descends into the upper mantle as a sinking hard lithospheric block. We studied forces that determine the angle of subduction, depending on the age of the lithosphere, the rate of subduction and the rheological properties of the mantle material. We applied the method of analytical thermodynamic modeling of the tectonic structure of the upper mantle (lithosphere, asthenosphere) in the transition zone from the continent to the ocean. We concluded that the relative role of dynamic pressure forces prevailed in zones characterized by horizontally elongated asthenospheric movements in the mantle, as it happened under extended oceanic lithospheric plates. The novelty of the research is connected with the conclusion that under lithospheric micro-plates and near their boundaries, the roles of dynamic pressure forces and viscous stresses are comparable. In the areas of thermal diapirs associated with subduction zones and often located in transition zones from the continent to the ocean, the role of viscous stresses prevails. Thermal diapirs in subduction zones sometimes lead to the formation of hydrocarbon deposits due to mantle degassing processes.

Keywords: dynamic pressure forces, viscous stresses, «continent—ocean» transition zones, thermal diapers, oil and gas potential.

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{slider title="Oxidation of oil shale kerogen by potassium permanganate in alkaline environment
N. S. Burdelnaya, Ya. D. Sennikova, D. A. Bushnev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.12.6

We carried out the analytical oxidation of kerogen samples from oil shales of Ordovician kukersite from the Baltic region, Domanik shales from Timan-Pechora and Upper Jurassic oil shales of the Kashpir deposit by potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium. We performed a single-stage oxidation with 3.5 % solution of potassium permanganate, followed by analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives of carboxylic acids using chromatography-mass spectrometry, and multi-stage oxidation by 0.5 % solution of potassium permanganate and analysis of oxidation products using IR spectroscopy. Some n-alkyl structures are peripherally associated with the kerogen matrix in the kerogen of Domanik and Jurassic shales, while in the structure of kukersite kerogen, n-alkyl structures are mainly connecting links for larger fragments. Milder, in case of a multi-stage process, oxidation results in formation of large fragments of kerogen, generally repeating its carbon structure, but more oxidized.

Keywords: kerogen, oil shales, oxidation by potassium permanganate, structure of organic matter, IR spectroscopy, carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids.

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The 18th Geological Congress of the Komi Republic
Geology and Mineral Resources of the European North-East of Russia (April 10—12, 2024)
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Russian scientific conference
“Geochemistry and petrography of coal, oil shales and bituminous rocks” (October 2—5, 2023)
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Index of publications in Vestnik of Geosciences in 2023
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Научные статьи / Scientific articles

{slider title="Geochemistry of rare earth elements and cerium anomaly in sedimentary marine carbonates: modern concepts
S. A. Dub, G. A. Mizens" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.11.1

The article review the geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) in sedimentary marine carbonates (limestones and dolostones) with respect to using the cerium anomaly as a proxy for redox conditions in ancient seawater. The physicochemical properties of REE and Y, the problem of normalizing their contents in sediments, behavior in the World Ocean and in chemogenic deposits, the origin of La, Ce, Eu, Gd anomalies and their calculations, sample preparation techniques, contamination problem and the influence of non-carbonate REE+Y-hosting phases to whole rock and acidic leachate compositions, as well as criteria for determining seawater-like pattern are considered.

Keywords: REE and Y, fractionation, normalization, seawater, seawater-like pattern, contamination, anomalies of Ce, Eu, La, Gd, redox conditions.

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3—17

{slider title="Paleosols of the Proterozoic basement roof of the Kursk magnetic anomaly area
T. V. Alekseeva, A. P. Lubarova, A. O. Alekseev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.11.2

This work represents the results of multidisciplinary study of paleosols from the weathered roof of Precambrian basement (Stary Oskol, Belgorod region). Shallow paleosols were developed from ferruginous shale and diagenetically modified weathering crust of ferruginous quartzite which led to its sideritization. At the studied location (quarry of the Stoilensky mining and processing plant) the age of weathering crust is pre-Devonian. Both rocks contain pyrite. Paleosols developed under similar primitive lithophytic vegetation. The studied paleosols are identified as in situ, biotic, of extreme pedogenesis. The trigger for their development was the pyritization. As a result, the chemical weathering prevailed under physical and biological ones. Both soils were attributed to acid-sulfate. Paleosols have not developed the continuous cover. The paleosols previously discovered in this area were developed from ferruginous quartzite and are also attributed to the acid-sulfate type. It seems that this soil type was widely distributed in the past.

Keywords: weathering crust, sulfides, acid-sulfate paleosol, berthierine, gypsum, Fe-minerals.

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18—25

{slider title="Microspherulites in a biogenic-abiogenic carbonate formation (the Lower Maeotian carbonates, Cape Kazantip, the Kerch Peninsula)
A. I. Antoshkina" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.11.3

The results of the study of calcite microspherulites in carbonate breccia formed at the junction of biohermal and bioclastic limestones (Lower Maeotian, Cape Kazantip, Kerch Peninsula), the nature of which is still being discussed, are presented. The following analytical methods were used: chemical carbonate, gas chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy with EDS, isotope. The studies resulted in the following: the presence in the fossilized biofilms of the pelitomorphic matrix and microspherulites of framboidal pyrite, halite, barite, celestine, dolomite-calcite, hematite and magnetite, which are absent in the other structural components of the breccia. Organic matter (OM) is represented by algal-cyanobacterial matter with a large contribution of the microbial component and an admixture of humic material. The carbonaceous matter in calcite microspherulites is actually characterized by primary unstructured organic matter. The accessory minerals zircon, oligoclase, rutile, neodymium-cerium monazite and vanadium silicide were identified. The formation of microspherulite calcites most likely occurred in the reducing conditions of the lagoon with high salinity in the contact zone of carbonate and microbial muds. The activation of authigenic mineral formation was facilitated by gas-fluid seeps from an active ancient mud volcano.

Keywords: pelitomorphic matrix, microspherulites, mineralized biofilms, authigenic mineral formation, gas-fluid seeps, Kazantip paleovolcano.

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26—36

{slider title="Isotopic composition and conditions of formation of Famennian carbonatolites of the Central-Khoreyver arch (Khoreyver Depression, Pechora Plate)
N. A. Matveeva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.11.4

The article presents results of the distribution of the isotopic composition of ¹³C and ¹⁸O (119 samples) across four facies zones to substantiate the conditions of Famennian carbonation accumulation. The Lower Famennian carbonates of the shoal zone showed values of d¹³C (1.5 ± 0.15 %), d¹⁸O (25.01 ± 0.29 %) reflecting evaporative processes in a shallow basin in a warm and dry climate. For the rocks of the microbial mounds zone, the values of d¹³C (2.47 ± 1.12 %) and d¹⁸O (23.51 ± 1.12 %) reflect an increase in bioproductivity and some fluctuation in water salinity. In the limestones of the zone of transition to depression, the variations of isotopic composition are more distinct in the section. Thus, the Early Famennian is characterized by the average values of d¹³C (0.94 ± 0.59 %) and d¹⁸O (23.73 ± 2.18 %) for marine carbonates. The transition to the Middle Famennian is accompanied by isotopic weighting of ¹³C (1.30 ± 0.47%) and ¹⁸O (24.52 ± 1.45%), which shows an increase in evaporation processes under aridization conditions. In the Late Famennian, the isotopic composition abruptly lightens by ¹³C (–1.05 ± 0.66 %), which is associated with desalination under conditions of climate humidification. At the same time, the value of d¹⁸O (25.75 ± 0.31 %) corresponds to the average values for carbonates of the Devonian. The values of d¹³C (1.04 ± 0.89 %) and d¹⁸O (26.01 ± 0.99 %) in the carbonates of the zone slope of the carbonate bank towards the shallow shelf reflect the conditions of the normal sea basin with a slight increase in the evaporation regime during climate aridization. The obtained results indicate that the Famennian sedimentation basin characterized by fluctuations in sea level, facies, water hydrochemistry and climate.

Keywords: Khoreyver Depression, carbonate bank, Famennian, facies zones, paragenetic association carbonate rocks, carbon isotope, oxygen isotope.

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37—47

{slider title="Some details of the structure of the northern centricline of the Kos’yu-Un’ya syncline (Ilych River, Northern Urals)
L. A. Shmeleva, E. S. Ponomarenko" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.11.5

The latest most detailed geological map of the Upper Pechora transverse subsidence, compiled by V. V. Yudin, shows an undisturbed western wing passing into the centricline of the Kosyu-Un’ya syncline, composed of Middle Ordovician and Silurian deposits falling to the southeast in the area of the middle course of the Ilych River (from the mouth of the Shezhimyu River to Anna-Di Island). Detailed studies of the sections uncovered in this area, as well as analysis of the literary and field materials of the predecessors, allowed updating ideas about the stratigraphic confinement of some strata and the structure of the area as in general. According to our data, deposits from the Middle Ordovician to the Ludlov unit of the Silurian are revealed within the northern centricline of the Kos’yu-Un’ya syncline, which are divided into three block scales (Shezhimdisk, Mikolael and Ust’Bol’shekosyu), bounded by faults with a plane of incidence inclined to the east-southeast at angles of 30—40°. Tectonic confinement of the complexly dislocated Lower Devonian sediments of the Valgan formation observed at the northern centricline of the fold to the east of the mouth of the Kos’yu River and previously referred to the eastern wing of the Kos’yu-Un’ya syncline, is currently being discussed. According to their lithological composition, they belong to the Shantym facies complex and are probably already part of another tectonic structure — the Valgan «monocline» of the eastern subzone of the Upper Pechora transverse subsidence.

Keywords: Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Kos’yu-Un’ya syncline, Ilych River, Northern Urals.

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The 50^th anniversary of the laboratory of lithology and geochemistry of sedimentary formations of the Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS
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Scientific articles

{slider title="Structural features of Precambrian formations of Subpolar and Polar Urals: comparative analysis
I. L. Potapov, K. S. Popvasev, A. M. Pystin" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.10.1

The structural features of the rocks of the Precambrian section of the Subpolar (upper reaches of the Kozhim River) and Polar Urals (Kharbey River basin) have been studied. We revealed that the structural appearance of the formations under consideration resulted from several stages of deformation. The Precambrian of these regions is characterized by deformations and accompanying metamorphic transformations of rocks in the Early Proterozoic, associated with orogenic processes resulting from the unification of Volga-Uralia and Sarmatia and later with the development of the timanides and uralides. We found markers of an earlier stage of structural-metamorphic transformation of rocks (possibly Late Archean) in the Polar Urals.

Keywords: Subpolar and Polar Urals, Precambrian, structural analysis, stage of deformation.

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3—14

{slider title="Two episodes of subduction-related intrusive magmatism within the Pechora zone of the Pechora Basin basement
V. L. Andreichev, A. A. Soboleva, E. G. Dovzhikova, Yu. L. Ronkin" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.10.2

The Pechora Basin is the largest tectonic structure of the Pechora Plate. It is located between the Timan and the Cis-Ural Foredeep. The Upper Precambrian sedimentary-metamorphic and igneous rocks of the basement are completely overlain by a sedimentary cover, therefore, the geological structure of the basement is known only on the basis of geophysical data and core samples from boreholes up to 5 km deep. The basement has a heterogeneous structure. It includes complexes of the Late Precambrian passive margin of the East European continent, which compose the Timan megablock (Izhma zone with Timan adjoining from the southwest) and formations formed in an active margin geodynamic setting combined into the Bolshezemel megablock (Pechora and Bolshezemel zones). The boundary between megablocks is the Pripechora fault (suture) zone. The age of igneous rocks of the basement is debatable; therefore, U-Pb (SIMS) studies of single zircon grains are undertaken to specify it. The article presents petrogeochemical data and U-Pb (SIMS, SHRIMP-RG) ages of zircon grains from plutonic rocks of the Pechora zone belonging to the Bolshezemel megablock drilled by two boreholes at depths of ~ 4.5 km. The obtained results indicated two episodes of island-arc magmatism. The first took place at the end of the Riphean, and the second was confined to the Early–Late Vendian boundary. The age of gabbrodiorites from the 1-Severny Savinobor borehole, interpreted as early island-arc rocks, is 673 ± 7 Ma. Late island-arc plagiogranites from the 1-Novaya borehole yield the age of 564 ± 5 Ma and precede the orogenic granitoids of the Pripechora fault zone which are dated (U-Pb) to 555—544 Ma.

Keywords: Pechora Basin, Pechora zone, Neoproterozoic, basement, gabbrodiorites, plagiogranites, zircon, U-Pb age.

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15—25

{slider title="Metabasites along the Lunvozh river (Middle Timan): petrography, mineralogy, petrochemistry
A. M. Shmakova"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.10.3

A small dike of unknown age was found on the territory of the Kanin-Timan region within the Middle Timan along the Lunvozh river. Our studies revealed that the rocks, composing this intrusive body, corresponded to basaltic andesites according to the content of the main rock-forming elements. They were almost completely recrystallized and composed of chlorite (30—40 %), carbonates (25—40 %), albite (10—15 %), quartz (10—15 %), muscovite (5—8 %) and plagioclase (less than 1 %). Accessory minerals were represented by apatite, monazite and rutile. Ore minerals included pyrite, chalcopyrite, and cobaltine. According to the mineral composition and petrochemical characteristics, the rocks composing the dike body along the Lunvozh river, differed from the basites of the Middle Riphean Middle Timan and Devonian Kanin-Timan complexes identified in the Kanin-Timan region.

Keywords: metabasites, dike body, isotope analysis of carbon and oxygen, Lunvozh river, Middle Timan.

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26—36

{slider title="Formation of hydrocarbon gases in domanik shale during hydrous pyrolysis
D. A. Bushnev, N. S. Burdelnaya, A. A. Ilchenko, Ya. D. Sennikova"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.10.4

A sample of Domanik shale from a stratotype section along the river Chut (Ukhta District, Komi Republic, Russia) was affected to temperatures of 250—375 °C in an autoclave in the presence of water. The composition and yield of the resulting hydrocarbon gases was studied by gas chromatography. The yield of all C₁—C₅ hydrocarbons grew exponentially with increasing temperature in the autoclave. The total yield of gaseous hydrocarbons C₁—C₅ at 375 °C was 71 mg/g Corg and reached 18 mg/g C_org for methane. The increasing temperature in the autoclave resulted in decreasing ratio of methane/C₂₊ gases, which reflected a changing mechanism of methane formation at the corresponding stage of the thermal evolution of the Domanik organic matter.

Keywords: domanik shale, hydrocarbon gases, hydrous pyrolysis in an autoclave, organic matter.

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37—41

{slider title="Geological and geomorphological zoning of the Seyda river basin (east of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra) based on the ArticDEM digital elevation model
V. A. Isakov"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.10.5

The Bolshezemelskaya tundra is one of the least studied and poorly mapped territories of the European North-East of Russia. The availability of the ArcticDEM digital elevation model with a high spatial resolution allowed conducting a comprehensive joint analysis of digital, geomorphological and geological data.

The results of using the ArcticDEM global digital relief model for geological and geomorphological studies of the Seyda River basin (eastern Bolshezemelskaya tundra) in its middle and lower reaches are presented.

An irregular triangulation network TIN covering the Seyda River valley was constructed, and the main geomorphometric parameters of the relief were calculated: hypsometric characteristics, surface inclination angles and slope exposures. Based on the obtained morphometric indicators of the relief and the textural and structural characteristics of Quaternary sediments, the following types of relief were identified: accumulative glacial, erosion-accumulative water-glacial and erosion-accumulative alluvial types of relief. A geological and geomorphological diagram of the Seyda River valley was been constructed and the main morphogenetic features of the relief during its formation were identified.

Keywords: digital elevation model, ArcticDEM, geomorphological zoning, morphometric analysis.

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{slider title="Specific spatial distribution of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th in soils of the city of Polyarnyye Zori (Murmansk region)
S. A. Iglovsky, A. V. Bazhenov, E. Y. Yakovlev"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.10.6

The article examines patterns of spatial distribution of ¹³⁷Cs and natural radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K in the upper (0—5 cm) layer of soils in the main functional zones of the city of Polyarnye Zori. The analysis of the general gamma activity of the territory, using RS-700 mobile gamma spectrometric complex, showed, three local anomalies of increased gamma radiation, which were confined to high-rise buildings within the city. In undisturbed peat soils in the area of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant and in the area of urban forests and parks, the maximum specific activity of technogenic ¹³⁷Cs was 29.5 and 28.8 Bq/kg, respectively. In other functional zones of the city, the activity of ¹³⁷Cs was 5 times less. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the technogenic ¹³⁷Cs has a moderate relationship (on the Chaddock scale) with the 45 and 500 µm fraction. ²³²Th has a high affinity with ²²⁶Ra, and ⁴⁰K with ²³²Th, which are statistically significant results when taking P-Value into account. It can be assumed that natural radionuclides ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra have a moderate association with the 1 mm fraction due to the presence of particles of this size in the upper soil layer. There is a moderate relationship between ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K.

Keywords: specific radioactivity, urban soils, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, Polyarnyye Zori, Murmansk region.

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The 15^th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy: a hard way from Belgorod to Chengdu
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RSF-NSFC project: workshop at the Southwest University of Science and Technology (Mianyang) and field trip to the Baimulin-Linhua mine (Sichuan province)
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Field trip to Jiangmen National Park
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Glorious path of a petroleum geologist (N. A. Malyshev's 70^th anniversary)
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Scientific articles

{slider title="Fossil bones of the Miocene-Holocene camels of Eurasia (Russia): mineralogical and geochemical properties and ecological reconstructions
V. I. Silaev, V. V. Titov, A. S. Tesakov, V. N. Filippov, E. V. Vasiliev, I. V. Smoleva, D. V. Kiseleva, A. F. Khazov, B. A. Makeev, T. G. Okuneva, N. G. Soloshenko" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.9.1

Using a wide complex of mineralogical-geochemical and isotope-geochemical methods we studied, a unique series of samples of fossil camels’ bone remains taken from Eurasian localities from the northwestern Black Sea region to western Transbaikalia and Mongolia, dated in the chronological range from the Late Miocene (6 Ma) until the 14th century AD. The obtained results indicated the mineralogical and geochemical properties of fossil bones as very effective way of ecological and climatic reconstructions and interpretation of the evolutionary history of mammals.

Keywords: fossil camels, Eurasia, mineralogical and geochemical properties of bones, ecological reconstructions.

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3—32

{slider title="The peculiarities of the framboidal pyrites of the Mikheev porphyry copper deposit (Southern Ural)
L. V. Leonova, O. B. Azovskova, E. I. Soroka"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.9.2

Framboids of pyrite were found in bituminized argillic metasomatites of the Mikheev porphyry copper deposit (Southern Urals). A wide occurrence manifestation of low-temperature metasomatism — argillization — is a feature of the rock complex of this deposit. According to the results of thermoweight analysis, the values of organic matter in bituminized argillic metasomatites correspond to kerite. The organic matter support the habitation of microbial communities, including the presence of element-depositing bacteria. The use of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy allowed identifing preserved mineralized biofilms and accumulations of extracellular biopolymers, including seeds of forming pyrites. Such morphological features suggest on a bacteria formation of the framboidal pyrites of the argillizites of the Mikheev deposit.

Keywords: Mikheev porphyry copper deposit, argillizites, framboidal pyrites, mineralized biofilms.

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33—39

{slider title="The nature of spheroidal gold of the Middle Kyvvozh placer in the Middle Timan
M. Yu. Sokerin, Yu. V. Glukhov, R. I. Shaibekov, B. A. Makeev, S. O. Zorina"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.9.3

A comprehensive mineralogical study of 13 samples of spheroidal gold from schlich concentrates of the Middle Kyvvozh gold placer, which is part of the Kyvvozh gold placer field located in the central part of the Volsk-Vym ridge of the Middle Timan, was carried out. The presence of both natural and technogenic gold in concentrates was established. Natural placer spheroidal gold is characterized by a worn surface with oxide films and the development of a high-grade corrosion rim. Technogenic gold spheroids have a polygonal-mosaic tuberculate-pitted or smooth surface, the presence of aluminosilicate glasses and slags in the form of crusts or inclusions in the matrix, the presence of mineral inclusions and impurities of platinum group metals, tin and lead, which are not characteristic of native gold. Natural spheroids were formed by natural smoothing in the water flow during the formation of the placer. The formation of technogenic spheroids is associated with the impact of high-temperature plasma on the concentrate enriched in placer gold and platinoids, which occurs during electric welding undertaken during the repair work of the flushing devices. The results of the study should help to avoid errors in the interpretation of the genesis of such gold and, as a result, in determining the nature of the primary sources of placers.

Keywords: native gold, spheroidal gold, technogenic gold, placer, iridosmine, ferrian platinum, Middle Timan.

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40—47

{slider title="Comparative characteristics of diaplectic and melt silicate glasses of the Kara astrobleme
A. A. Zubov, T. G. Shumilova, S. I. Isaenko"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.9.4

The objects of study are diaplectic and melt silicate glasses from vein melt impactites of the Kara astrobleme. Microscopic and spectroscopic characteristics of two glasses with fundamentally different formation mechanisms were obtained, which allowed comparing their structural features. We found that silicate diaplectic and melt impact glasses from high-pressure/high-temperature vein bodies of the Kara astrobleme were characterized by similar structural features — a high degree of polymerization, the presence of four-membered and polymembered SiO₄ rings, which was characteristic of all glasses were  the SiO₂ composition. Diaplectic glasses are characterized by the constant presence of three-membered SiO₄ rings; melt glasses were characterized by the absence of this feature, which was determined by more extreme conditions for the glass from melt.

Keywords: Kara astrobleme, melt glass, diaplectic glass, Raman spectroscopy.

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48—55

{slider title="Geochemistry of organic matter of natural bitumen in the section of the Kozhva river (Timan-Pechora province)
O. V. Valyaeva, N. N. Ryabinkinа"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.9.5

The results of detailed geochemical studies of natural bitumen in the section of the Kozhva River of the Timan-Pechora province, localized in the dolomites of the Kamensk formation of the Upper Famenian, are presented. It is established that bitumen is allochthonous. This is quite understandable from a geological point of view: the formation of bitumen manifestations is associated with the vertical migration of hydrocarbons (HC) in the zone of the Pripechorsky deep fault, resinous-asphaltene components predominate in the bitumen group composition. Gas chromatography and gas- chromatography-mass spectrometry proved that bitumen underwent intensive bacterial degradation, which led to the loss of n-alkanes and isoprenoids, steranes and partially hopanes. Tricyclanes of composition C₁₉-C₂₅, tetracyclane C₂₄ and «geohopanes» with configuration 17α(H)21β(H) of composition C₂₇ (Ts, Tm) and C₂₉ were identified on mass chromatograms of m/z 191. It was found that tricyclanes predominate. On chromatograms according to m/z 177, 25-norhopane of the composition C₂₈ was identified. Series 25-norhopane series was observed. The isotopic composition of carbon of individual fractions is characteristic of sapropel OM and is similar to the IСС of the previously studied bitumen of the Voya deposit.

Keywords: natural bitumen, biomarker hydrocarbons, biodegradation, Timan-Pechora province, Upper Famenian deposits, carbon isotopy.

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The 9th All-Russian conference «Jurassic system of Russia: problems of stratigraphy and paleogeography»
(September 9—15, 2023)
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On the cover: cathodoluminescence image of zircon from plagiomigmatitesof the Khanmeikhoi Formation (Polar Urals).
Photo by A. Shuisky

Научные статьи / Scientific articles

{slider title="Typomorphism of x-ray structural characteristics of gold (exemplified by placers and ore occurrences of the Timan-Northern Ural region)
Yu. V. Glukhov, B. A. Makeev, M. Yu. Sokerin, L. I. Efanova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.8.1

The results of the study of native gold of the Timan-Northern Ural region using X-ray diffraction analysis (Debye-Scherrer diffractometric method, single crystal registration) have been presented. It was established that the structural characteristics of gold were different depending on the nature of gold-bearing objects. The structure of typical placer gold was an aggregate of randomly distributed microcrystallites. In this case, only solid annular lines of reflexes of the planes of the crystal lattice of gold were visible on the photodebagrams. The formation of this microcrystalline structure in gold was conditioned by exogenous mechanical deformations resulting from its occurrence in dynamic environments (water, wind activity, etc.).

The structure of the autigenic gold of ore occurrences was characterized by a suboriented ordering of crystals (texturization). On the photodebagrams of this gold, intermittent dashed lines and nodes of reflections from the planes of the crystal lattice of the metal were observed. The frequency of occurrence of gold with this structure on primary ore objects varied from several units to several tens of percent. According to the authors, the findings of native gold with the structures of the ordering of its grains as part of accretions or aggregates of microcrystallites were a sign of the extreme proximity of this gold to its root source, which was important at predicting of gold content and searching for gold deposits.

Keywords: native gold, X-ray diffraction (Debye-Scherrer method), Kyvvozhskoye gold-placer field, Middle Timan.

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3—16

{slider title="Pigment gallstones
E. V. Mashina"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.8.2

The study of the processes and products of biomineral formation in various organs and tissues is of general scientific interest for solving practical issues related to the physiological functioning of living organisms.

The object of the study was multiple pigment gallstones removed from the gallbladder in people living in the Komi Republic. The purpose of the work was a comprehensive study of the composition and structure of pigment gallstones, as well as a comparative analysis of the studied samples with natural organic carbon-containing mineraloids.

The following methods were used during the study methods: X-ray diffraction (Shimadzu XRD-6000), IR-spectroscopic (InfraLum FT-02), thermal (TGA/DSC 3+), mass spectrometry (Elan-6100), chemical (EA-1110), atomic emission (Optima-4300 DV). The cleavages of the samples were studied by a scanning electron microscope with an X-Max energy-dispersive attachment (VEGA3 TESCAN) and atomic force microscope (Ntegra Prima (NT-MDT)).

As a result of the studies, it was established that pigment gallstones contained an amorphous organic and mineral component – calcium bilirubinate, calcium carbonate (calcite, aragonite), calcium phosphate (magnesium-containing hydroxylapatite). Thermal-oxidative destruction of samples occured in the high-temperature region (500 ºC and above). Pigment gallstones belonged to formations with low carbon content. Microminerals in the samples were represented by classes of oxides, chlorides, silicates, carbonates and oxalates. Detailed studies of the nanostructure of pigment gallstones showed that it was represented by globule-like particles, the size and order of which varies. We newly revealed that pigment gallstones, according to a number of criteria, were similar to natural organic carbon-containing mineraloids.

Keywords: gallstones, pigment, bilirubin, biomineral, mineraloid.

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17—25

{slider title="Cations ordering in minerals with complex composition: P3-sergevanite — the second representative of eudialyte group with primitive cell
R. K. Rastsvetaeva"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.3

Sergevanite with idealized formula (Na₁₂KH₃O)[Ca₃(Mn₂Ca)](Na₂Fe)Zr₃Ti_0.5Si_25.5 O₇₂OH^₂.(H₂O)₂ (Z = 3) — a low calcium eudialyte group mineral from Lovozero alkaline complex was investigated repeatedly using obtained earlier the X-ray diffraction data. Its crystal structure with 174 sites was refined in the frame of trigonal primitive cell to R = 4.7 % on the base of 5613 averaged independent reflections with F > 3s(F). The unit-cell parameters were: a = 14. 2179(1), c = 30.3492(3) Å, V = 5313.1(1) Å3, space group P3. More detailed, close to real, cations distribution on sites was established. Studied sergevanite was the second mineral of eudialyte group with lowering symmetry from rhombohedral (R3) to trigonal (Р3).

Keywords: sergevanite, eudialyte group, crystal structure, isomorphism, key sites, primitive cell.

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26—30

{slider title="From Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive. The 250th anniversary of the Mining Museum
Yu. L. Voytekhovsky"" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.4

The article continues the series on the history of geology and is devoted to the Natural Science Museum of the St. Petersburg Mining University, namely its mineral collection. From the letters found by the author in the archive of Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive, kept in the Russian Mineralogical Society we can learn, interesting information about the circumstances of the acquisition of certain collections and exhibits, and about people worthy to remain in the history of mineralogy. At the same time, wide connections of D. P. Grigoriev with industrial and academic organisations and his active work on the creation and dissemination of the doctrine of mineral ontogeny, which eventually became a section of the university course of mineralogy, were revealed. The letters were accompanied by photographs from the same archive. The aim of the article was to cover the history of Russian mineralogy as fully as possible, including the role of organisations and individuals, and to reconstruct details of their biographies. Some of the problems discussed in the letters are still relevant today. The reader's attention should be attracted by the names of statesmen Prince G. Orbeliani, Prime Minister of India J. Nehru, Emperor of Ethiopia H. Selassie, mineralogists A. E. Fersman, G. N. Vertushkov, Yu. S. Kobya­shev, name of the Ural historical deposits Gumeshevka and Vatikha, enterprise «Russian precious stones» mentioned in one context. The article is timed to coincide with the 250th anniversary of the Mining Museum.

Keywords: D. P. Grigoriev, St. Petersburg Mining University, Mining Museum, personal archives, history of mineralogy.

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31—39

Academician A. M. Askhabov is 75
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On the cover: excavations in the Vychegda River basin, recovery of a partially articulated skeleton of a plesiosaur. Photo by P. Beznosov, 2023

Scientific articles

{slider title="State of knowledge and correlation potential of Mississippian brachiopods of the western slope of the northern Urals
A. V. Erofeevsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.1

The article presents a brief history of Mississippian brachiopod studies in the North of the Urals during the last 175 years. The regional stratigraphic chart of the Western Urals subregion was originally developed on the basis of brachiopod biostratigraphy. The works of A. Keyserling, G. N. Fredericks, N. V. Kalashnikov, N. V. Enokyan, N. N. Fotieva, D. V. Nalivkin, and other researchers have greatly contributed to the study of the Mississippian brachiopods of the region. The most active use of the North Urals brachiopods for the biostratigraphy of the region falls in the 60—70s of the last century and is mainly connected with the works of N. V. Kalashnikov. However, brachiopods are hardly studied in the southern part of the Tchernyshev Swell and in basins of the Vuktyl, Bolshaya Nadota, Kosyu, and Kharuta rivers. The modern techniques and recent advances in brachiopod research both in Russia and in the world are considered. Considering the changes in brachiopod systematics and Mississippian stratigraphy during the last 30 years, it is concluded that it is necessary to update the data on the taxonomic composition, paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of brachiopods in the North Urals region.

Keywords: brachiopods, Northern Urals, Mississippian, history of science.

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3—16

{slider title="Monazite of alkaline ore metasomatites of the Lower Mezen ore field (Middle Timan): Th-U-Pb-data
O. V. Udoratina, A. A. Viryus, I. V. Kozyreva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.2

Monazite from rare-metal-rare-earth alkaline metasomatites of the Lower Mezen occurrence of the Middle Timan has a predominantly cerium composition (Ce₂O₃ > La₂O₃). The weighted average value of the point (Th-U-Pb, CHIME) age of monazites was (564 ± 27) Ma, the age of monazites, obtained from the ThO₂*–PbO isochrone, is (566 ± 127) Ma. The age of the monazite is close in time to the monazites of the Novobobrovsky ore field and the Vendian igneous formations (ultramafic rocks and carbonatites of the Chetlas Complex) formed as a result of a plume pulse.

Keywords: monazite, Th-U-Pb-method, Middle Timan.

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17—26

{slider title="Lithological and genetic characteristics of the Upper Triassic Dalnegorsk limestones of the Taukhinsky terrane (Sakharnaya mountain, Sikhote-Alin)
T. A. Punina, E. N. Malysheva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.3

Facies associations of Upper Triassic Dalnegorsk limestones of the Taukhinsky terrane (Sakharnaya mountain, Sikhote-Alin) are integrated for the first time in this work. A detailed lithological and genetic description of the organogenic construction of the Sakharnaya Mountain is given. A lithological and paleoecological study of the limestones composing the structure was carried out, lithotypes corresponding to three genetic types were identified: biogenic, biochemogenic and mechanogenic. The sequence of formation of an organogenic structure consisting of four stages was determined: bank, biostrom, biogerm, reef. A detailed description of each stage of development is given. The presented results are of great importance for a better understanding of the development and spread of carbonation accumulation in the Pantalassa Ocean in the Late Triassic. Our research provides new data that can be combined into paleogeographic and geodynamic reconstructions of the Pantalassa Ocean.

Keywords: lithotypes, organogenic structure, paleosociety.

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27—35

{slider title="Cathodoluminescence of conodont elements
A. V. Zhuravlev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.4

Conodont elements are used as a geochemical archive of seawater. Some compositional features of conodont elements reflect conodont ecology and trophic structure of Palaeozoic pelagic ecosystems. However, the screening of conodont elements prior to geochemical and/or isotopic studies is a real problem. This study evaluates SEM cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL), which is very sensitive to the REE and Mn content of apatite, for the detection of traces of secondary transformation in the composition of conodont bioapatite. The SEM-CL of conodont elements is similar to that of unaltered shark teeth (blue-violet), but differs significantly from that of fossil vertebrate teeth (orange-red). Thermal alteration has little effect on the SEM-CL. Elements with a CAI of 1—1.5 show a redder and more intense CL than elements with a CAI of 5. In the case of corrosion of the conodont element surface in carbonate host rocks, the CL of the outer parts of the conodont element become reddish due to invasion of the carbonate material. Conodont elements from the clay host rock show deep purple SEM-CL. Thus, SEM-CL allows detection of the results of secondary processes in conodont mineralised tissues, including enrichment by REE and/or Mn, corrosion and contamination by carbonate material. This method can be used to screen significantly altered samples prior to chemical and isotopic analyses.

Keywords: conodonts, cathodoluminescence, mineralised tissues, taphonomy.

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36—42

{slider title="Modelling  ²¹⁰Pb downward transport in a natural peatland of Ilassky swamp massif in the European Subarctic of Russia: IP-CRS model
E. U. Yakovlev, A. A. Kudryavtseva, A. S. Orlov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.7.5

The paper presents the results of the modelling of the transport of ²¹⁰Pb down the peat core for the Ilassky natural bog massif. The activities of radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs were investigated in the core layer by layer. Due to the nonexponential decrease of ²¹⁰Pb activity, significant errors are possible in determining the age and accumulation rates of peat when applying classical dating models. The article presents ²¹⁰Pb dating data obtained using the IP-CRS model. Data analysis showed that the vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb is related to peat parameters: ash content and bulk density. The ²¹⁰Pb dating of the core showed an age of 1963 for a depth of 17—19 cm, which is consistent with the ¹³⁷Cs data. The dating of this horizon is indirectly confirmed by the data of the ash content and bulk density of peat. The above mentioned confirms the correctness and adequacy of the chosen model of dating of the natural peat bog. The peak of anthropogenic radionuclide content in peat deposits corresponds to 1963, the date of signing the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, being a reference point for geochronological studies. The results of linear accumulation rate, peat deposit mass accumulation rate and the magnitude of the atmospheric flux of ²¹⁰Pb presented in the study are in good agreement with the data on peatlands of Northern Europe and the European Subarctic of Russia.

Keywords: peat core, accumulation rate, ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, radionuclides migration, IP-CRS model, Ilassky swamp massif.

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Paintings within the walls of the Institute of Geology
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The 32^nd All-Russian Scientific Conference
«Structure, substance, history of lithosphere of the Timan-Northern Ural segment»
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On the cover: induction facets of quartz on gold. Pay-Khoy. Photo by R. I. Shaybekov

Scientific articles

{slider title="High-pressure metamorphism in the Kharbey metamorphic complex
(Polar Urals) N. S. Ulyasheva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.6.1

Glaucophane-bearing rocks — indicators of high-pressure metamorphism — were earlier found in the Polar Urals in the Neoproterozoic deposits of the Nyarovey series, in the northern part of the Marunkeu eclogite-amphibolite-gneiss complex, and in the foot of the ultramafic massifs of the Main Ural Fault (MUF) zone. We have discovered high-pressure rocks in the western endocontact of the Kharbey amphibolite-gneiss complex, where they are represented by garnet-glaucophane, garnet-glaucophane-barroisite rocks and garnet-barroisite amphibolites formed during progressive zonal metamorphism. From the western boundary of the complex to the east, temperature gradually increases from 400—480 °C (for garnet-glaucophane rocks) to 495—570 °C (for garnet-glaucophane-barroisite rocks and garnet-barroisite amphibolites) at a pressure of 11—16 kbar. We determined that the high-pressure metamorphism had an areal distribution within the Kharbey metamorphic complex and, apparently, marked the Paleozoic subduction-collision processes of formation of Uralides.

Keywords: garnet-glaucophane rocks, high-pressure metamorphism, Polar Urals, phengite.

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3—10

{slider title="Titanoniobates and thorium minerals in carbonatized fluid-explosive dikes of the Middle Timan
I. I. Golubeva, O. V. Grakova, V. N. Filippov, A. S. Shuisky, I. N. Burtsev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.6.2

Rare-metal and thorium mineralization (uranium pyrochlore, niobaeschynite-(Ce), aeschynite-(Ce), thorite, and thorianite) was studied in the dike complex of fluid-explosive rocks of the Middle Timan. The source of thorium and rare-metal-rare-earth elements was carbonate-alkaline solutions of carbonatites, paragenetically associated with the formation of dike rocks.

Keywords: fluid-explosive dikes, rare-metal and thorium mineralization, Middle Timan

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11—20

{slider title="The mineral composition of the ores of the Besapantau deposit S. S. Saitov, V. D. Tsoi" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.6.3

The results of mineralogical studies of the Besapantau deposit, typical of the Muruntau ore field (Central Kyzylkum), belonging to the low-sulfide gold-quartz geological-industrial type, are discussed. The most productive for gold is the early sulfide (pyrite-arsenopyrite) stage of mineralization. The minerals associated with gold and silver include pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, fahlore, sulfoantimonides, and tellurides. Native gold varies in composition from electrum to very fine gold. Silver is present in the forms: native, gold-bearing, hessite, argentite, stephanite, pyrargyrite. Arsenopyrite can serve as an effective search indicator for gold in the conditions of forms, and also as the Central Kyzylkum, and the content of arsenic in ores can serve as a criterion for the degree of gold enrichment.

Keywords: Uzbekistan, Central Kyzylkum, Muruntau ore field, Besapantau deposit, gold and silver minerals.

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21—28

{slider title="D. I. Mendeleev’s periodic law, Yu. G. Shcherbakov’s cosmogeochemical system
and prospects for the development of mineralogical and geochemical investigations
A. V. Kokin, V. I. Silaev, M. A. Kokin, A. F. Khazov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.6.4

The law of cosmogeochemical differentiation discovered by the remarkable Russian geochemist Yu. G. Shcherbakov and the geochemical classification of elements formulated on its basis on the scale of the Periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev are analyzed. Based on new research results, it is shown that signs of the fundamental cosmic distribution code of chemical elements are quite clearly preserved in terrestrial geological and biological objects.

Keywords: Yu. G. Shcherbakov, law of cosmogeochemical differentiation of elements, discovery of sulfide-indium-manganese deposit.

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29—36

{slider title="Preparation of tetraethoxysilane for the production of monodisperse spherical silica particles.
Part 1. Impurities and their influence on the size of the forming globules D. V. Kamashev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.6.5

Monodisperse spherical silica particles, as a basis for creating supramolecular 3D matrices, are currently of increasing interest due to the prospects for their wide application in the synthesis of new nanocomposite materials. At the same time, one of main problems of their large-scale synthesis is associated with the unstable behavior of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) during hydrolysis, which leads both to the deviation of the particles from a given size and their shape from a spherical one. In this paper, on the basis of the study of tetraethoxysilane from various manufacturers, we continued to work on determining factors that can influence the process of hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and, as a result, the monodispersity and size of the formed particles, and also other factors. To solve this task, all TEOS samples were studied by various physicochemical methods of analysis, including Fourier IR and Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result of the studies, we showed that the presence of di- and trisiloxanes in the system did not significantly affect the size of the formed silica particles, while significantly accelerating the rate of formation of silica spheres. Moreover, the presence of methoxyl groups in the initial silane, and an insignificant content of ethanol in the system did not affect the size stability of the formed particles. At the same time, the replacement of part of the ethoxy groups in the initial TEOS by methyl or ethyl groups, as they are not capable of participating in the hydrolysis reaction, largely contribute to the deviation of sizes of the formed silica particles from each other. The results obtained on the effect of impurities on the size of the formed silica globules are important, among other things, for understanding the processes of formation of natural supramolecular structures of silica.

Keywords: monodisperse spherical silica particles, supramolecular structures, physicochemical methods of analysis.

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{slider title="From teaching experience. XII. The origin of the crystal and the principle of equal
immediate environment Yu. L. Voytekhovsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.6.6

The article is devoted to the search for a concise answer to the question: how does the nucleus of a crystal arise? Although a simple and complete answer is impossible at the same time, an attempt has been made to clarify the problem in three aspects: according to which principle particles are combined into a nucleus, which nucleus have a chance to become crystal, and from which atomic configuration it can be recognized. To model the small polyhedral clusters, the principle of equal immediate environment is proposed. It is shown that such clusters with an odd number of atoms are impossible. Small polyhedral clusters should grow by attaching pairs of atoms. Previously, this was known for fullerenes because of their specific geometry. The topic is important because of the coverage of various quasi- and non-crystalline structures by crystallography and mineralogy.

Keywords: crystallography, mineralogy, nucleus, crystal, symmetry, polyhedral cluster, principle of equal immediate environment.

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Middle Jurassic plesiosaur from the Mezen Syneclise. Expedition-2023
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Paintings within the walls of the Institute of Geology
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On the cover: rock crystal with inclusions of hematite of various generations, Yakutia,the Aldan shield,
the Perekatnoye deposit-777-891, donated by V. L. Kalinin

Scientific articles

{slider title="Fossil resins of Alaska: history of study O. V. Martirosyan" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.5.1

The article reviewes the current state of knowledge of fossil resin finds in Alaska (USA). On the basis of little-known and fragmentary documents found in both Russian and foreign scientific literature, their main locations are briefly described. The primacy of Russian researchers mentioning fossil resins of coastal regions of Alaska is noted. Their level of study is evaluated. Information on fossil resin finds from Alaska can expand the existing resin database, and an advanced study of their physical and chemical characteristics and formation conditions will help to refine the classification attributes of fossil resins, and may also provide additional opportunities for solving palaeobotanical and paleogeographic problems when comparing northeastern Russia and Alaska.

Keywords: Alaska, Russian America, fossil resins, retinites, amber.

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3—13

{slider title="Minerals of the Subpolar Ural Crystal-Bearing Province in the collections
of the A. A. Chernov Geological Museum L. R. Zhdanova, I. S. Astakhova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.5.2

The article provides information about a wide variety of crystal-bearing deposits in the Subpolar Urals. Unique collections of minerals from crystal-bearing nests are collected in the Geological Museum named after A. A. Chernov. The cadastre contains 84 minerals and makes up 65 % of the total cadastre of deposits. Crystal-bearing minerals of the locality and occurrences of the Subpolar Urals of all classes are represented in the Museum funds to varying degrees. The minerals of silica, fluorite, layered silicates and carbonates are most fully represented. A high proportion of fund representativeness is established for the Kozhim, Skalistoye, Pelingichey-3, Puiva, Khasavarka, Vodorozdelnoye, Omega-Shor and Severnaya Lapcha fields. The subsequent study of minerals to replenish the museum funds and form a reference mineralogical collection of unique crystal-bearing objects of the Subpolar Urals is prognosed.

Keywords: mineralogy, cadastre, Subpolar Urals, crystal-bearing deposits, museum, funds.

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14—24

{slider title="Development of the database of the collections
of the Geological museum named after A. A. Chernov К. S. Popvasev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.5.3

In modern museums, information and analytical systems complete many tasks related to museum activities. The application of generally accepted software systems, developed for subordinate museums of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, is limited in natural science museums. Often, natural science museums develop their own databases and information systems.

This article describes the development of a database of collections of the Geological Museum named after A. A. Chernov. We present main results of study — the design of a datalogical model.

Keywords: databases, datalogical design, natural science museums.

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25—29

{slider title="From Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive: memories of A. K. Boldyrev, В. A. Zilbermints,
L. L. Ivanov, V. I. Kryzhanovsky, P. P. Sushchinsky and N. M. Fedorovsky
Yu. L. Voytekhovsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.5.4

The article publishes for the first time the memoirs of the Soviet mineralogist Prof. A. Ya. Mickey about the great Russian mineralogists and geologists A. K. Boldyrev, V. A. Zilbermints, L. L. Ivanov, V. I. Kryzhanovsky, P. P. Suschinsky and N. M. Fedorovsky, found by the author in the archive of Prof. D. P. Grigoriev, preserved at the Russian Mineralogical Society. All documents are transcribed, attributed and commented by the author. The relevance of the article lies in the necessity of defending priorities of the Russian science and technology. The purpose of the paper is to give a fullest coverage of professional and creative activities of the mentioned scientists as important episodes of the history of Russian mineralogy. The names of D. N. Artemyev, N. I. Bezborodko, V. I. Vernadsky, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, V. V. Dubyansky, A. V. Lavrsky, P. I. Lebedev, F. Yu. Levinson-Lessing, Ya. V. Samoylov, I. I. Tanatar, A. A. Tvalchrelidze, A. E. Fersman, E. S. Fedorov, P. N. Chirvinsky, and L. Ya. Yachevsky should appeal to a wide range of readers. The importance of personal archives in the study of the history of science is underlined. The archive of Professor D. P. Grigoriev in letters and other documents reflects a powerful layer of prewar and postwar history of Russian mineralogy. The article is dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the A. A. Chernov Museum of the N. P. Yushkin Institute of Geology.

Keywords: D. P. Grigoriev, A. K. Boldyrev, V. A. Zilbermints, L. L. Ivanov, V. I. Kryzhanovsky, P. P. Suschinsky, N. M. Fedorovsky, history of mineralogy.

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30—39

{slider title="Personal library of paleontologist D. M. Rauser-Chernousova
L. P. Roshchevskaya, S. A. Simakova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.5.4

The article aims to characterize the composition of the personal library of a twentieth-century Russian scientist, Doctor of Geological Sciences D. M. Rauser-Chernousova, whose scientific research contributed to the industrial development of several regions of the USSR, including the European Northeast. The techniques of intellectual history, library science and bibliometry were used. The mentoring principles of the scientific supervisor Professor A. A. Chernov and the personal pedagogical experience gained in the Pechora North during the Civil War had a great influence on the formation of the personality of the scientist. The scientist collected a large library, part of it was transferred to the Institute of Geology of the Komi Scientific Center in the late 1980s, highlighting groups of the main world literature on foraminifera and stratigraphy, general works on micropaleontology and stratigraphy. Based on the principles of the typology of publications, the library had monographs, periodicals, reference books, collections, articles, prints, abstracts. The most important distinctive features of the library were multilingualism, the presence of little-known, rare publications. It is concluded that the library performed informational functions for scientific creativity, reflected the com-municative nature of the scientist and professional interests in the study of the Arctic, the European North and the Pechora Region. The library can be assessed as a significant scientific and cultural phenomenon of the twentieth century.

Keywords: history of geology, historical and cultural heritage, scientific communication, personal book collection, Institute of Geology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Documentary and material scientific heritage of geologists
in the A. A. Chernov Geological Museum
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Paintings within the walls of the Institute of Geology
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Coryphaeus of coal geology
(The 100^th anniversary of the birth of Yuri Vasilyevich Stepanov)
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The 15^th Russian seminar
«Technological mineralogy for assessing the quality of natural and technogenic mineral raw»
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On the cover: Chertov Palets, Usva River, Perm Territory. Photo by A. Peretyagin

Happy 65th Anniversary of the Institute of Geology! A. M. Askhabov 
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Scientific articles

{slider title="The nature of the evolution of magmatism in the history of the Earth V. S. Shkodzinsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.4.1

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4—13

{slider title="The first petrochemical and mineralogical data of the Talatshinskoye-2 deposit (Southern Urals)
A. A. Samigullin, V. N. Nikonov, D. E. Saveliev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.4.2

The article provides a novel detailed petrographic, petrochemical and mineralogical description of the Talatshinskoye-2 slab stone deposit. Fergusonite was found in the rocks of the Uraltau anticlinorium for the first time.  The correlation of the studied object with other deposits of slab stone was carried out. An increased content of alkalis was revealed, which is an atypical characteristic for shales of the eastern flank of the Uraltau anticlinorium. The contents of niobium and yttrium directly indicate that the protolith belongs to acidic alkaline formations. The first manifestations of rare-metal-rare-earth Y-Nb-Ta-mineralization were found in shales of the Uraltau anticlinorium. Based on a set of features, including petrochemical, geochemical, and mineralogical, it was concluded that subalkaline granitoids served as the protolith for the rocks of the deposit.

Keywords: Uraltau, Maksyutov series, Talatshinskoe deposit, micaceous schist, fergusonite, monazite, zircon, granitic magmatism.

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14—25

{slider title="From Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive: the 160th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Vernadsky
and the 140th anniversary of the birth of A. E. Fersman Yu. L. Voytekhovsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.4.3

The article publishes previously unknown materials for the biographies of academicians V. I. Vernadsky and A. E. Fersman, found by the author in Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive, stored in the Russian Mineralogical Society. These are the memoirs of mineralogist A. Ya. Mikey, the autobiography of A. E. Fersman and his personal file, signed by academician V. A. Obruchev. All documents have been deciphered, annotated and commented on by the author. The relevance of the article is the need to defend the priorities of domestic science and technology. The purpose of the work is the fullest possible coverage of the professional and creative activities of V. I. Vernadsky and A. E. Fersman, the introduction of new documents into scientific circulation. These materials introduce information about the repressed Professor A. Ya. Mikey. The citation of famous scientists and travelers I. P. Aliber, A. I. Antipov, A. I. Brodsky, W. Wollaston, V. M. Goldschmidt, P. L. Dravert, L. L. Ivanov, V. I. Kryzhanovsky, S. M. Kurbatov, A. Lacroix, P. M. Leontovsky, G. M. Permikin, R. A. Prendel, K. Rosenbush, E. S. Fedorov, and L. A. Yachevsky should be interesting for a wide range of readers. Attention is drawn to the importance of personal archives in the study of the history of science. The archive of Professor D. P. Grigoriev in letters and other documents reflects a whole layer of pre- and post-war history of Russian mineralogy. The article is dedicated to the 160th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Vernadsky and the 140th anniversary of the birth of A. E. Fersman.

Keywords: V. I. Vernadsky, D. P. Grigoriev, A. Ya. Mickey, V. A. Obruchev, A. E. Fersman, history of mineralogy, archives, museums.

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26—33

{slider title="The scientific heritage of Alexander K. Karabanov in the field of Earth sciences
E. A. Kukharik, V. S. Khomich, Y. G. Gribik, M. A. Bahdasarau, O. V. Martirosyan" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.4.4

2022 marks the 70th anniversary of the birth of A. K. Karabanov. He was a prominent Belarusian geologist and science organizer, a specialist in the field of the Quaternary geology and paleogeography, geomorphology, neotectonics and neogeodynamics, Doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, Professor, Academician of the NAS of Belarus, Director of the Institute for Nature Management of the NAS of Belarus (2008—2019). He developed an original complex methodology for reconstructing amplitudes of neotectonic movements in the area of ancient continental glaciation. A. K. Karabanov formulated the concept of neotectonic evolution and the neogeodynamics of the western part of the East European Platform territory. He proposed methodology for making neotectonic maps. It is based on mapping of structural-formational complexes of the sedimentary cover, which have important theoretical and practical value. A review of main scientific achievements of Academician A. K. Karabanov is presented in this paper.

Keywords: A. K. Karabanov, Quaternary geology, paleogeography, neotectonics, neogeodynamics.

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34—41

The 50th anniversary of the Laboratory of Lithology and Geochemistry of Sedimentary Formations
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New publications
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On the cover: a fragment of a rugose coral colony (finding by O. Gabova). Photo by R. Shuktomov.

Scientific articles

{slider title="Formation conditions of quartz-vein mineralization of the Kyvvozh gold placer in the Middle Timan
(according to results of study of fluid inclusions)
N. V. Sokerina, M. Yu. Sokerin, Yu. V. Glukhov, S. I. Isaenko, R. I. Shaibekov, S. O. Zorina" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.3.1

We present a novel study of fluid inclusions in the vein quartz of the Kyvvozh gold placer field and in the quartz of gold-quartz intergrowths from the placer (methods of homogenization, cryometry, and Raman spectroscopy were used). We determined that in vein quartz the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions fluctuated in the range of 220–425 °C, the liquid phase was represented by aqueous solutions, predominantly sodium and magnesium chloride. The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz of gold–quartz intergrowths is 220–330 °C, and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride predominates in the liquid phase. Mineral formation proceeded in two stages: at the first stage, the fluid was enriched with nitrogen, at the second stage — with carbon dioxide.

Keywords: quartz, fluid inclusions, conditions for the formation, gold.

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3—10

{slider title="New data on the faunal history of small herbivorous mammals in the Northern Urals
during the Lateglacial and Holocene I. V. Kryazheva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.3.2

The fauna of small mammals from two cave localities (Figurny and Ilych grottos) in the western slope of the Northern Urals (Komi Republic, Russia) was studied. The study of taxonomic composition and dental morphology of small mammals from the Figurny grotto revealed Late Glacial and Early Holocene assemblages. Late Glacial assemblages include tundra and tundra-steppe species (76–82 %), forest (15 %) and intrazonal (3–8 %) forms. Species composition indicates open spaces occupied by forest-tundra or forest-steppe vegetation with a relatively low snow cover in winter and also a cold, dry climate in the Late Glacial period. By the Early Holocene, due to the transformation of climate and composition of vegetation, in the communities of small herbivorous mammals, there was a change in the dominant species from tundra-steppe to forest (71 %). The share of tundra and tundra-steppe species was still relatively significant (up to 25 %).

Keywords: small mammals, steppe pika, collared lemming, narrow-headed vole, morphology of molars, Late Pleistocene, Late glacial, Holocene, Northern Urals, northeastern part of European Russia.

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11—22

{slider title="Palynological assemblage of the Synya Formation (Middle Triassic) from outcrops at the Vertny river
(Bol’shaya Synya Depression, the Timan-Northern Urals region)
N. V. Ilyina, V. A. Zharkov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.3.3

The results of a palynological study of terrigenous rocks exposed in the lower reaches of the Vertny River and correlated with the Syninskaya Formation of the Bolshesyninskaya Series of the Legend of the North Ural Sheet Series GK-200/2 are presented. The Middle Triassic (Ladinian) age of the rocks was determined. A quantitative analysis of the species composition of the identified palynological assemblage using the Sporomorph EcoGroup method (SEG-analysis) was carried out. Based on palynological data, elements of the vegetation cover and landscape conditions have been reconstructed. It is concluded that the studied deposits were formed in the Ladinian Age in a very warm, humid climate within a vast tidal paleodelta. In the formation of the terrestrial vegetation cover, the leading role was played by moisture-loving plants characteristic of coastal marshes, deltaic lowlands, and tidal flats with mangrove-like thickets.

Keywords: spores and pollen, Syninskaya Formation, Middle Triassic, Ladinian, the Timan-Northern Urals region.

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23—41

{slider title="Technology of extraction of useful components from shales of the Aktau deposit
A. B. Kholikov, M. Sh. Akhmedov, I. M. Almatov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.3.4

This paper describes technologies for processing of oil shales and determines parameters of thermal decomposition without oxygen access (pyrolysis) and hydrometallurgical methods for extracting useful components. The following methods are presented: leaching to extract valuable components into a sulfuric acid solution, and selective extraction to ion-exchange resins by sorption of valuable components of vanadium and molybdenum. The presented methods are not implemented on an industrial scale, since there is no oil shale processing in the Republic. Perspective technological schemes of oil shale ash processing are analyzed. The process involves the addition of sodium chloride to the process of thermal decomposition without access to oxygen (pyrolysis). The resulting ash is leached in vats with sulfuric acid 160 g/l, at room temperature, T : W = 1 : 5, duration 60 minutes. The resulting metal-bearing sulfuric acid solution is filtered and sent to sorption and precipitation. Extraction of vanadium and molybdenum into solution is more than 60–70 %. It should be noted that with an increase in the consumption of sulfuric acid over 160 g/l, the concentration of metals in the productive solution does not increase. The ion-exchange resins of the English company PUROLITE were used to extract metals from the productive solutions of leaching of oil shale ash from the Aktau deposit: for the extraction of molybdenum — A-100 Mo grade, and vanadium — A-109 grade.

Keywords: Uzbekistan, metal-bearing oil shale, processing technology, vanadium, molybdenum.

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42—47

Outstanding researcher of the Silurian and Devonian
(marking the 100^th anniversary of the birth of Antonida Ivanovna Pershina)
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All-Russian conference «The Jurassic System of Russia: Problems of Stratigraphy and Paleogeo­graphy»
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On the cover: pollen grain Aster sibiricus L. (fam. Asteraceae).
Photo by Golubeva Yu.V., SEM-operator A. V. Kryazhev.

Scientific articles

{slider title="Gravitational and magnetic anomalies generated by strike-slip structures in the upper part of the earth's crust
N. P. Senchina, A. E. Asoskov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.2.1

The paper considers the geophysical anomalies computer modeling from the structures obtained by analog physical modeling of shear deformations. Based on the results of physical modeling of slip-strikes (performed by other authors), a generalized petrophysical model was built, and then direct tasks of gravity and magnetic surveys were solved. The features of the resulting fields are presented, which can help in the interpretation of geophysical data over structures where shear faults are developed — these are chains of anomalies of different signs extended along the general fault. The applicability of experimental geotectonics results for digital modeling of geophysical anomalies is confirmed and the corresponding methodological approach is tested.

Keywords: geophysics, tectonics, shear, gravity survey, magnetic survey, modeling.

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3—9

{slider title="Distribution of ore-forming elements and minerals in gold objects of the Western Uzbekistan
V. D. Tsoy, S. S. Sayitov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.2.2

We have analyzed the mineralogical and geochemical properties of gold ore deposits in the Western Uzbekistan, characterized by multi-stage and heterogeneous structure along the section. The systems of clarke values for the concentration of ore-forming elements were used as criteria for assessing deposits. The features of CC distribution by depth gradations are determined and, on this basis, the prospects for gold in deep horizons of deposits are estimated.

Keywords: Uzbekistan, gold deposits, distribution, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, assessment of industrial prospects.

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10—25

{slider title="Electroacoustic properties of various types of quartz in the finely dispersed state
L. N. Kotov, M. P. Lasyok, Faqin Dong, Zhang Wei" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.2.3

An electroacoustic echo method for studying the high-frequency (HF) electrical and elastic properties of piezoelectric materials in a finely dispersed state is described. The characteristics and relaxation time of electroacoustic echo for natural and artificial quartz powders are determined. Natural one is represented by the following types: smoky quartz, citrine, amethyst, recrystallized, granular and columnar. It is shown that natural quartz (especially citrine), has a higher electromechanical coupling coefficient than artificial quartz. The amplitudes of HF electric field are determined, at which the saturation mode of the echo signals is observed.

Keywords: artificial and natural quartz, electroacoustic echo, relaxation time and echo parameters, powder.

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26—30

{slider title="From Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive: E. V. Zinserling’s letters Yu. L. Voytekhovsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.2.4

The article for the first time publishes six letters and photos of the famous Russian crystallographer and mineralogist Dr. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.) E. V. Zinserling (1887—1979) from the personal archive of Prof. D. P. Grigoriev (1909—2003), covering the period from 28.10.1958 to 02.03.1964, and also official letters from the Moscow State University from 15.12.1958 with the abstract of her dissertation and from the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of piezo-optical mineral raw materials from 28.09.1962 and 03.01.1963 with a request for reviewing and scientific editing of her articles. All documents are original, manuscripts are transcribed and attributed by the author. The article is relevant due to advocating priorities of domestic science and technology. The work is aimed at the fullest possible coverage of the creative life and professional activity of Dr. Sci. E. V. Zinserling, which is insufficiently characterized in historical and popular scientific literature. The materials presented in this article substantially complete and enliven her biography, which is full of comprehensive studies of natural and synthetic quartz, with world-class results implemented in industrial technology. Attention is drawn to the importance of personal archives of outstanding personalities in the study of the history of science. Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive in his letters and other documents (protocols, programs, conference transcripts, etc.) reflects a whole layer of the pre- and post-war history of Russian mineralogy.

Keywords: D. P. Grigoriev, E. V. Zinzerling, crystallography and mineralogy of quartz, history of mineralogy.

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31—36

{slider title="Tolbachik diamonds (TFE-50, Kamchatka): new evidence of volcanogenic nature
V. I. Silaev, L. P. Anikin, G. A. Karpov, A. F. Khazov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.2.5

We found deposits of undoubtedly volcanic phases and microminerals — silicate, sulfate, hydroxychloride, oxide, and sulfide — with clear ontogenic signs of natural growth on the sculpted surface of two diamonds extracted from the products of the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption 2012—2013 (TFE-50). This fact obviously confirms the natural volcanic origin of Tolbachik diamonds.

Keywords: Kamchatka, Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, diamonds, volcanogenic origin.

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«Prospects for the development of the Timan-Pechora petroliferous province
and plans for set up of regional geological exploration»
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New publications
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Entering 2023: consolidate on achieved gains and move on A. M. Askhabov
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 On the cover: Middle Timan, outcrop 49, the Ustyarega Formation footwall at a height of 29 m from the river level.
Photo by I. Kh. Shumilov.

Scientific articles

{slider title="About the problem of the Middle-Upper Devonian boundary in the East European Platform I. O. Evdokimova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.1.1

A brief overview of the history of the identification of the Frasnian Stage (Upper Devonian) and the determination of its lower boundary in the stratotype region is presented. The characteristics of the Givetian-Frasnian boundary deposits in the East European platform and the stratigraphic significance of the regional event levels are considered. Debatable issues on the age definition of the boundary deposits are discussed; tasks for the further investigations are set.

Keywords: Givetian and Frasnian stages, Middle and Upper Devonian, stratigraphy, East European Platform.

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4—15

{slider title="Palynological zonation of the Givetian-Frasnian stratigraphic interval in the Timan-Northern Urals region O. P. Tel’nova, I. Kh. Shumilov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.1.2

The zonal scheme of the Givetian-Frasnian boundary interval in the Timan-Northern Urals region was detailed according to the higher plants spores. Palynological zones were correlated with faunal, including conodont — orthostratigraphic group in the Devonian. The correlation of the identified critical boundaries in the development of plant communities with the divisions’ borders of the International Stratigraphic Scale — series and stages, were established and options for the level of the border of the Middle and Upper Devonian in the regional stratigraphic scheme of the new generation were considered.

Keywords: palynozones, Middle-Upper Devonian, Timan-Northern Urals region.

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16—22

{slider title="Assemblages of vertebrates and zones from the Upper Givetian and Lower Frasnian of the East European Platform and Urals A. O. Ivanov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.1.3

The ichthyoassemblages from the Upper Givetian and Lower Frasnian deposits of the East European Platform and Urals. The Ichthyofaunistic zones established for the Main Devonian Field are traced in various subregions of the platform. The detailed phoebodontid zones of the Middle Urals are correlated to the Standard conodont zones.

Keywords: ichthyofauna, zones, Givetian — Frasnian, East European Platform, Urals.

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23—29

{slider title="Mineralogical and petrochemical features of gabbro-dolerites of the Krivoluksky complex A. A. Samigullin, D. E. Saveliev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.1.4

The manuscript presents novel detailed mineralogical, petrographic and petrochemical studies of Early Vendian gabbro-dolerites of the Belskaya and Irlinskaya dikes of the Krivoluksky complex in the southeastern part of the Bashkir anticlinorium. We determined that the rocks of the complex underwent low-temperature changes, as a result of which dark-colored rock-forming minerals (amphiboles and pyroxenes) were completely replaced by chlorite. The gabbro-dolerites possess an increased content of sulfates strontium and barium. The geological position and contents of P₂O₅ and TiO₂ cast doubt on the confinement of dikes near the village of Kaga to the Krivoluksky complex.

Keywords: Krivoluksky complex, barite, celestine, petrography, dolerites, dykes, magmatism.

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30—41

{slider title="Features of accumulation and migration of technogenic radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the tundra landscapes of the Russian Arctic (evidence from the Nes river basin, Kanin tundra) A. V. Puchkov, E. Yu. Yakovlev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2023.1.5

This article presents the results of studies of the lateral and vertical distribution of technogenic radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in peat and soils of the tundra territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the example of the Nes River basin (Kanin tundra). There are high levels of pollution density of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the territory of the studied basin in comparison with the literature data. Such anomalies are associated with the mosaic nature of the lateral distribution of radionuclides, due to the geomorphological features of the territory. The results of calculating the isotopic ratios of two radionuclides showed that the main source of pollution can be global atmospheric fallout.

Keywords: Arctic, technogenic radioactivity, Cs-137, Sr-90, migration, geomorphology.

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About Middle-Upper Devonian boundary
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The 55th anniversary of the A. A. Chernov Geological Museum
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