On the cover: shells of marine diatoms (Paleogene). Sverdlovsk region, Kamyshlovsky quarry.
Specimen by E. V. Antropova, photo by E. M. Tropnikov 

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{slider title="Pre­Jurassic complexes of the eastern West Siberian plate: structure and oil and gas potential
Yu. F. Filippov, G. V. Arapov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.6.1

Regional seismic surveys and borehole drilling in the basement of the eastern part of the West Siberian geosyneclise confirmed the presence of ancient blocks overlain by thick, moderately dislocated Upper Proterozoic and Paleozoic subplatform sediments. These subside beneath the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the geosyneclise and form the Cis-Yenisei and Gydan sedimentary basins, which are promising for oil and gas production. The paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive analysis of new geological and geophysical data, clarifies the seismogeological model of sedimentary complexes, the history and conditions of their formation. We also examine the tectonic evolution of the western margin of the Siberian Craton in the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic, discussing similarities and differences in the structure and genesis of two basins that developed within the passive continental margin during the late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic. The relationship of the Gydan Block to cratonic structures and, consequently, its geodynamic nature, remains unclear. However, unlike the Cis-Yenisei Block, no distinct suture zone is observed here, and there are no traces of oceanic (ophiolite) complexes. This may indirectly indicate the presence of a marginal portion of the Siberian Craton itself, rather than a terrane-based block. The generation and accumulation potential of ancient sediments in these areas is analyzed. A preliminary qualitative forecast of the oil and gas potential of the basins is made by a number of criteria.

Keywords: Western Siberia, basement, Cis-Yenisei and Gydan sedimentary basins, Upper Proterozoic-Paleozoic deposits, oil and gas potential

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3—17

{slider title="Late Paleozoic granite pegmatites of the suture zone of the Polar Urals
N. S. Ulyasheva, A. V. Travin" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.6.2

We have identified vein formations in the southern part of the Kharbey subzone of the Kharbey-Marunkeu SFZ of the Polar Urals. The formations crosscut amphibolites and plagiogneisses of the Khanmeikhoy and Laptayugan suites (PR₁?) and extend N and NE. The veins, up to 2 m thick, are composed of microcline-quartz-oligoclase and quartz-oligoclase granites, predominantly biotite, and are synmetamorphic or postmetamorphic in their occurrence. As reflected by the composition of the primary igneous biotite, the rocks, composing the veins, are similar to I-type granitoids of the calc-alkaline series and formed in mesoabyssal and abyssal settings from a crustal source. The age of the granites, determined for the first time using the ³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar method on biotite, is 349±4 Ma, corresponding to the Early Carboniferous. The formation of the granite veins coincides with the onset of high-temperature metamorphism at the onset of collisional processes in the formation of the Uralides, which resulted in the formation of gneisses and amphibolites. Thus, the granite pegmatites under consideration are Late Paleozoic syncollisional igneous formations in the northern part of the paleocontinental sector of the Polar Urals.

Keywords: granite veins, magmatic biotite, 39Ar/40Ar age

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18—28

{slider title="Event-stratigraphic framework for the Famennian — Lower Carboniferous of northeastern European Russia
A. N. Plotitsyn, D. A. Gruzdev, A. V. Zhuravlev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.6.3

An event-stratigraphic framework is presented for the Famennian — Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) interval of northeastern European Russia, comprising six global and subglobal events. In sections, spanning a wide facies spectrum (from shallow-water shelf to bathyal), we record occurrences of the Famennian (Dasberg, Hangenberg) and Tournaisian–Serpukhovian (Lower Alum Shale (Mid-Tournaisian), Mid-Aikuanian, Serpukhovian Event) events, as well as an isotopic anomaly in the lower-middle parts of the Famennian. For the purposes of stratigraphic correlation, the most promising are geobiological events that combine lithological, isotopic, and paleontological markers (Hangenberg, Mid-Aikuanian, Serpukhovian Event).

Keywords: Upper Devonian, Lower Carboniferous, event stratigraphy, correlation, carbon isotopic anomalies

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29—42

{slider title="Ball lightning energy
А. М. Askhabov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.6.4

The attempts made so far to quantify the value of the energy stored in the ball lightning have not been successful. Calculations based on the observed data or within the framework of various theoretical lightning models have not yielded generally accepted values. The estimates available in the literature are contradictory and range widely (from a few units to millions of joules). In this paper we calculate the energy content of ball lightning within the proposed quataronic model of its formation. Calculations show that the energy diversity of ball lightnings depends on the size of the structural units forming it. For example, the average value of the upper limit of the energy content of a ball lightning with a diameter of 20 cm, formed by quatarons of water with a radius in the range from 0.3 nm to 0.6 nm, is approximately 10 · 10³ J, the energy density is 5.66 · 10⁶ J/m³. The calculations suggest an interesting idea for a new architecture of ball lightning built from a multitude of individual small nanolightnings. At the same time, the minimum radius of nanolightnings is 3.6 nm (for a lightning consisting of charged quatarons with a radius of 0.3 nm), and the energy is 1.9 · 10^–15 J. Such nanostructure of a ball lightning ensures the equality of densities of lightning and the surrounding air necessary for its free movement in the atmosphere. The existence of nanolightnings is probably responsible for the extremely rare formation of visible-sized ball lightning.

Keywords: kvataron model of a ball lightning, energetics of a ball lightning, internal structure of a ball lightning, ball nanolightning

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43—48

{slider title="Geochemical characteristics of landfill soil in the municipal solid waste storage zone
T. V. Lemanova, E. G. Panova, I. Yu. Tikhomirova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.6.5

The article discusses the composition and properties of different-aged landfill soils (2 and 20 years old) formed in the area of solid household waste storage. The landfill soil contains toxicants of classes 1–3, with a total contamination index of 98.1 for 2-year-old deposits and 10.8 for 20-year-old deposits.

When stored outdoors, the landfill soils are washed by precipitation and subjected to wind and water erosion. The proportion of water-soluble fraction in 2-year-old landfill soils (7.1%) and the mineralization of water extracts (2450 mg/L) are significantly higher than those of 20-year-old deposits (1.9 % and 260 mg/L). The content of chemical elements in water extracts of young landfill soil is higher than that of compacted soil by 1.5 to 15 times. Some elements are leached out of the landfill body during the aging process, while others are fixed in secondary mineral phases (oxides, hydroxides, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, and chlorides).

In the waters of drainage channels, the content of toxicants exceeds the maximum permissible values by a factor of 3.6 to 2740. The water pollution index, calculated based on the highest permissible concentrations (Ti, Fe, Pb, Ni, Sb, Cr), is hundreds of times higher than the value for extremely dirty samples. Chemical elements are leached from the landfill body, accumulate in drainage channels, and can migrate into aquifers and enter final discharge water bodies.

Keywords: landfill soil from 2- and 20-year-old deposits, geochemical features, water-soluble fraction of landfill soil, drainage channel water

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Timanides-Proto-Uralides of the European Northeast:
stratigraphy, magmatism, geodynamics, metallogeny
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On the cover: Academician Nikolay Pavlovich Yushkin with a Vestnik journal, November 2010.
(Photo from the archive of the A. A. Chernov Museum of the Institute of geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS)

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{slider title="Timan-northern Ural region — a model site for Paleozoic reef formation
A. I. Antoshkina" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.5.1

The article presents the results of long-term studies of Paleozoic organogenic structures in the Timan-northern Ural region. The article discusses the principles of defining reefs and other organogenic structures, which allow tracing the evolution and stages of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Permian reef formation in the region based on their temporal distribution. Three stages of reef formation have been identified in the Paleozoic of the region, differing in the geometry of organogenic structures, their growth rate, and paleogeographic position. (i) The Middle Katian-Early Emsian stage is characterized by local and barrier reefs of the outer margin of the carbonate shelf, reaching great thickness. (ii) The Middle Frasnian-Early Tournaisian stage is distinguished by the formation of large microbial mounds, both on the outer margin of the shelf and on the margins of shallow-water platforms within the dissected shelf, as well as the appearance of reefs in the coastal zone of the shelf. (iii) The Late Visean-Early Sakmarian stage is characterized by mud, microbial, and skeletal mounds arising on the slopes of depressions and uplifts in the degrading carbonate shelf. The distribution and geometry of organogenic structures were determined primarily by regional tectonic events and global geobiotic processes during this period of Earth's evolution. The uniqueness of this region allows it to be proposed as a model object for the study and understanding of Paleozoic reef formation.

Keywords: reefs, mounds, reef ecosystem, reef framework, reef formation, evolution, Timan-northern Ural region

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3—11

{slider title="Carbon isotope variations during ontogeny of Frasnian (Late Devonian) conodont Mehlina gradata
A. V. Zhuravlev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.5.2

This study investigates the ontogenetic (growth-related) dietary shifts of the Frasnian conodont Mehlina gradata from the East European Platform localities. While the morphological shape of P1 elements of this species remained remarkably stable throughout its life, isotopic analysis revealed a significant correlation between the size of the element and its carbon isotope composition. As the P1 elements grew larger, they showed an increase in ¹³C enrichment. This suggests that while the feeding apparatus did not change shape, the trophic position did. Our results indicate that Mehlina gradata likely transitioned to higher trophic levels such as more active predation or scavenging as it matured, demonstrating that morphological stability does not necessarily imply ecological stasis.

Keywords: conodonts, ontogeny, C-isotopes, ecology

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20—25

{slider title="Synthesis of aluminum trifluoride: mechanism of phase transformations of minerals
O. B. Kotova, A. V. Ponaryadov, I. N. Razmyslov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.5.3

Aluminum trifluoride is widely used in various industries (chemical, glass, ceramics, etc.). Industrial methods are based on the fluorination of aluminum hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen fluoride. The cost of raw materials and the environmental risks of AlF₃ production motivate the search for alternative processes based on the use of substandard aluminum ores and their processing waste.

Aluminum trifluoride synthesis technologies were developed using high-iron and low-iron bauxites (Middle Timan, Russia) and ammonium hydrofluoride. The sequence of phase transformations of boehmite and other mineral phases was identified, and their temperature ranges were determined. The size and morphostructural features of AlF₃ were determined. It was shown that fluoride processing technologies allow for the efficient recovery of mineral raw materials and the production of highly marketable products.

Keywords: aluminum trifluoride, aluminum raw materials, fluoride technologies, boehmite

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26—31

{slider title="From teaching experience. XIX. The 85^th anniversary of the textbook “Crystallography” (Popov, Shafranovsky, 1941)
Yu. L. Voytekhovsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.5.4

The article completes the consideration of the table of 27 species of symmetry (point groups, without cubic syngony). A hierarchy of 14 lines (families) of symmetry consistent with the hierarchy of 27 species of symmetry is given. The article is intended for teachers, postgraduate students, and students of natural sciences who are studying the basics of crystallography in a geometric context, without group theory or linear algebra. It is dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the publication of the textbook «Crystallography» by G. M. Popov and I. I. Shafranovsky.

Keywords: species (point groups), classes and lines (families) of symmetry, hierarchies of species, classes and lines; limiting symmetry groups

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32—35

Modern Facets of the Mineral World: Yushkin Readings 2026

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Technological mineralogy in assessing the quality of natural and technogenic mineral raw.
The 17th Russian Seminar, RMS Commission on Technological Mineralogy

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On the cover: Marble Quarry. Ruskeala Mountain Park. Photo by A. Peretyagin

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{slider title="Subdivision of the Lower and Middle Givetian deposits of the Vysotinsky regional stage
by conodonts in the Pokrovskoye section (Middle Urals)
A. R. Sharipova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.4.1

Conodont associations from the Givеtian deposits of the Middle Devonian in the Pokrovskoye section (Middle Urals, Eastern slope) have been studied. The Vysotinsky regional stage of the Givetian has been subdivided in detail. This study is based on the biostratigraphic method. The taxonomic determination of the conodont associations and their correlation with the zonal scale have been conducted. Fifteen species of conodonts belonging to eight genera are identified: Ancyrolepis, Belodella, Ctenopolygnathus, Eucostapolygnathus, Polygnathus, Linguipolygnathus, Icriodus, and Tortodus. The consecutive standard conodont zones of the Lower-Middle Givetian: Polygnathus timorensis, Po. rhenanus — Po. varcus and Po. ansatus are established within a 2.6 m thick section. Zonal conodont associations are compared with those of other regions.

Keywords: conodonts, Middle Devonian, Givetian, varcus Zone, Vysotinsky regional stage, Middle Urals

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3—11

{slider title="New data on the dynamics of small mammal fauna of the Chernyshev Ridge
(Bolshezemelskaya Tundra) in the Late Glacial and Holocene
I. V. Kryazheva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.4.2

The fauna of small mammals from two new localities of the Chernyshev Ridge in the Polar Urals, near hydrothermal vents, has been studied. As a result, two phases of microteriofauna development have been identified. The first, the Late Glacial, is characterized by the absolute dominance of tundra and tundra-steppe species (89—94 %), reflecting the harsh periglacial conditions. The second is Holocene, with a predominance of forest (up to 43 %) and intrazonal forms (up to 45 %), with a low proportion of tundra and tundra-steppe (19—22 %). A comparison with the microtheriofauna of the foothills of the Urals and the Timan Ridge shows a similarity in the dynamics of the fauna from the Late Glacial to the boundary of the Middle and Late Holocene (~ 4200 cal. years ago). During the transition from the Middle to Late Holocene, when the warm conditions of the Atlantic period gave way to a pronounced Subboreal cooling, which led to greater climate continentality, onset of permafrost in the tundra, and southward retreat of forest vegetation, in the north of the Chernyshev Ridge the proportion of tundra and tundra-steppe species began to increase again, while in the south (~66—66.5° N) their share continued to decline. Despite climate fluctuations and shifts in vegetation zones, the thermal springs of Pymvashor did not have a noticeable impact on the faunal composition in any of the phases, and the modern rodent community of the site does not differ from that in the adjacent areas of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra.

Keywords: small herbivore mammals, rodents, Late Glacial, Holocene, Chernyshev ridge, northeastern part of European Russia

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12—19

{slider title="Experimental observations of radon emission at the Chervonaya Sloboda-Malodusha fault
due to induced seismicity within the Soligorsk Mining Region
G. A. Aronov, A. G. Aronov, S. G. Kotov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.4.3

The Starobin deposit of potassium salts is the largest one in Europe, it was discovered in 1949 and has been developed since the early 1960s. Together with the town of Soligorsk and its adjacent territories it forms the Soligorsk mining region. This region is located in the Starobin centrocline within the Pripyat Trough northwestern part and is characterized by a high level of man-made impact on the subsoil due to the underground development of potash horizons. The problem of increased geodynamic activity monitoring within the territory of the Soligorsk mining region has become extremely urgent since the end of the 1970s, when the first significant earthquake occurred there on the 10^th of May, 1978 (Aronov еt al., 2010).

Experimental investigations, aimed at measuring the radon volume activity, were carried out on the outskirts of Minsk in the winter period 2024—2025 and in the southern part of the Starobin potassium salt deposit within the Chervonay Sloboda-Malodusha fault in the autumn–summer period 2025. Measuring System “Alpharad plus” for radon volume activity monitoring equipped with data transmission capability was used for experimental observations. Measurements were carried out in accordance with the diagrams and modes recommended by the System manufacturer (Manual, 2021).

First results of the radon emission monitoring were obtained, and a series of anomalous radon emission values was observed prior to the occurrence of seismic events.

Keywords: mining activities, seismicity, monitoring, fault, radon, emission

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20—24

{slider title="Techno-soil based on landfill leachate for layer-by-layer isolation of solid municipal waste landfills
V. A. Matveeva, Yu. A. Kulikova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.4.4

The article describes the main negative aspects of storing municipal waste at landfills and substantiates the need for their layer-by-layer backfill with inert materials. The main materials used for layer-by-layer isolation were considered and the idea of using techno-soil based on landfill leachate stabilized with blast furnace slag with a mass ratio of components of 1: 1: 0.027 (filtrate, blast furnace slag and coagulant) was proposed. Invitro studies were conducted to substantiate the possibility of using techno-soil as a layer-by-layer insulating material: the chemical and phase composition of the techno-soil was determined; hazard class IV of the waste-based material was established; it was proven that the content of toxic substances in the aqueous extract from the material was lower than or equal to their content in the leachate of landfill; the integral oxidation index was measured and equal to 260 mgO₂/l; the particle size of the material, its good compactibility and gas permeability to landfill gases, as well as water permeability to infiltrating atmospheric precipitation were established; the solubility of the material was less than 3 % by weight. Thus, the possibility of using techno-soil based on landfill leachate stabilized with blast furnace slag as an inert material in the operation of solid municipal waste landfills was proven.

Keywords: municipal waste, solid municipal waste landfill, landfill leachate, blast furnace slag, techno-soil, solid municipal waste landfill isolation

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25—32

On the cover: intergrowth of zircon grains (Vasilinovskoe ore occurrence, Polar Urals).
Sample by R. I. Shaybekov, photo by E. M. Tropnikov

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{slider title="Prospective exploration targets in the Tournaisian clinoforms of the Aktanish-Chishmy trough
L. N. Chanysheva, R. V. Mirnov, Yu. A. Kotenev" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.3.1

Current petroleum exploration is characterized by a high degree of maturity in traditional plays and an increasing need to identify new, complex hydrocarbon traps. One of the most relevant research directions is the detailed structural analysis of the Kama-Kinel Trough System (KKTS) margins. This study focuses on the Tournaisian carbonate clinoform complex within the Aktanysh-Chishmy Trough (Republic of Bashkortostan).

An extensive dataset, including well and seismic data, formed the basis for a detailed seismo-geological analysis. A structural-sedimentary model of the Tournaisian clinoform complex was developed. Five genetic types of exploration targets were identified, including carbonate debris fans, undaform (shelf) units and associated drape structures. Diagnostic features for each type were substantiated, and recommendations for further seismic-based studies were provided.

The application of the approaches described in this paper will improve the reliability of geological modeling and the accuracy of hydrocarbon potential forecasting for carbonate clinoforms, not only within the Republic of Bashkortostan but also across adjacent areas of the Volga-Ural petroleum province. The clinoform complexes of the Kama-Kinel Trough System (KKTS) retain significant potential for further detailed exploration.

Keywords: Aktanish-Chishmy trough, carbonate clinoforms, sedimentary aprons, exploration sites, oil prospects, geological exploration

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3—14

{slider title="Transformations of detrital chrome spinels during metamorphism
of Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Alkesvozh suite (Subpolar Urals)
S. A. Onishchenko, L. I. Efanova, S. K. Kuznetsov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.3.2

Detrital chrome spinels in terrigenous rocks of the Alkesvozh suite interact with the rock matrix during metamorphism under greenschist facies conditions. This results in the replacement of chrome spinels by Cr-bearing muscovite (fuchsite) or magnetite. The relict portion of the chrome spinels, as a result of component exchange with the environment, is replaced by secondary chrome spinels, which lack Mg but contain significant Zn contents. The composition of all chrome spinel grains is secondary, but the process of change caused by metamorphism of sedimentary rocks is clearly visible only in some of them. The ZnO content of detrital chrome spinels varies both from grain to grain and within a single grain. The minimum ZnO content recorded by us in chrome spinels is 1.3 wt. %, and the maximum is 17.5 wt. %. The final result of the transformation of chrome spinels is the conservation of their relics in magnetite crystals, or their complete disappearance. The former presence of detrital chrome spinelides in the rock is evidenced only by the presence of Cr in metamorphic minerals (mica, chlorite, and hematite), as well as the synthesis of idiomorphic crystals of Zn-containing (14.4–18.1 wt. % ZnO) chromium spinelide in a fuchsite matrix.

Keywords: detrital chrome spinelide, Zn-containing chrome spinelide, Cr-containing muscovite (fuchsite), metamorphism

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15—32

{slider title="Geochemistry of indium and other trace elements in biotite as an indicator of the formation conditions
of the Gubanov intrusion (Wiborg rapakivi granite massif)
I. V. Rogova, S. G. Skublov, A. V. Berezin, D. A. Petrov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.3.3

For the first time, the content of a wide range of trace elements, including indium, was determined for biotite from trachytoid granites of the Gubanov intrusion and host ovoid granites using the high-precision local SIMS method. It was established that indium in the biotite from granites of the Wiborg rapakivi massif was of magmatic nature and its accumulation was controlled by fractional crystallization. Indium behaved as a typical incompatible element, concentrating in the residual melt. The main elements associated with In during the magmatic stage were Sn, Sc, Sm, Nb, Rb, and Zn. These elements formed a reliable association, confirmed by both parametric and rank correlations. Chlorine likely participated in the transport of In in the form of chloride complexes, but this bond was not stable in mineral phases (biotite). The physicochemical conditions of indium accumulation — reducing conditions and moderately high pressure — favored the incorporation of In³⁺ into biotite, which began to crystallize from the melt under these parameters. The high In content (up to 5.8 ppm) in biotite, combined with the high Sn content (>100 ppm) and a positive correlation with Zn, indicated that the Wiborg massif could be considered potentially promising for In-Sn-Zn mineralization.

Keywords: biotite, indium, rapakivi granites, Wiborg massif, Gubanov intrusion, trace elements, critical metals

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33—40

{slider title="Kinetic features and mechanism of formation of spherical silica particles according to dynamic light scattering data
D. V. Kamashev, A. M. Askhabov" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.3.4

The kinetic features of monodisperse spherical silica particle formation are investigated by dynamic light scattering in a model system based on the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in an organic medium.

The analysis of the experimental data reveals three distinct stages of silica particle formation: I) condensation of hydroxysilanes yielding di- and trimers; II) formation of branched polymeric structures; III) spatial packing of the resulting structures into final silica spheres (globules). It is demonstrated that the minimum hydrodynamic radius of silica particles detected during nucleation is independent of the synthesis conditions and is approximately 8 nm.

The established patterns of existence of the stages of formation of spherical silica particles and the associated possibility of controlling their duration will in the future make it possible to program the size and degree of monodispersity of spheres, optimize the methods of introducing the necessary elements into the structure of particles, and improve the technologies for creating nanocomposite materials based on them.

Keywords: monodisperse spherical silica particles, dynamic light scattering, formation mechanism, kinetic features

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41—49

Анонс публикаций

• Minerals and rocks. Collections of Academician N. P. Yushkin

• Atomic force microscopy of defect-actuated growth and dissolution of crystals Н. N. Piskunova

• Anna Ivanovna Antoshkina (science, creativity, bibliography)

• Industrial waters of the Timan-Pechora sedimentation basin T. P. Mityusheva, O. E. Amosova, I. O. Mashin

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On the cover: epidote-quartz amygdale in metarhyolite of the Nemuryugan suite (Polar Urals).
Thin section in crossed nicols. Photo by N. Ulyasheva.

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{slider title="Pyrophanite and manganoilmenite in granites of the third phase of the intrusion
of the Turochak granosyenite-granite-leucogranite complex (Bolshoy Ikonostas Mountain, Gorny Altai)
E. V. Nastavko, T. V. Leshukov, B. Yu. Zmeev,  A. S. Slesarev, G. A. Fedosyuk" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.2.1

The simultaneous presence of two minerals of the ilmenite group has been established in the granites of the third phase of the Turochak complex intrusion (γD₁t). They differ in size, location in the rock and chemical composition. Magnetite grains occur together with them. Manganoilmenite (MnO 17.95—22.68 wt.%) occurs as euhedral grains 150—200 µm in size, confined to biotite laths. The iron-manganese ratio varies from 1.18 to 1.63. The pyrophanite minal makes up 38—45%, hematite minal is rarely present (up to 2%). The general formula is as follows: (Fe²⁺_0.53—0.60Mn_0.38—0.45Fe³⁺_0—0.02)_S1.00—1.01Ti_0.99—1.00O₃. Pyrophanite (MnO 24.35—27.18 wt.%) is represented by small (up to 50 µm) euhedral grains located in the intergranular space. The iron-manganese ratio is less than unity (FeO/MnO from 0.74 to 0.93). The pyrophanite end-member makes up from 52 to 58%, the hematite end-member is absent. The generalized formula is (Mn_0.52—0.58Fe²⁺_0.42—0.48)_S1.00Ti_1.00O₃. Magnetite in the rock occurs as isometric euhedral grains, mainly confined to biotite, no more than 40 µm in size. Single grains are found in plagioclase; their size reaches 150—180 µm. Magnetite is characterized by the constant presence of titanium (TiO₂ 5.87—7.30 wt.%) and manganese (up to 0.20%), the amount of total iron is FeO 92.59—94.02 wt.%. The general formula of magnetite is Fe²⁺_1.16—1.20(Fe³⁺_1.60—1.68Ti_0.16—0.20)_S1.80—1.84O₄. The oxygen activity calculated for the "magnetite-manganoilmenite pair is from –26 to –24, and for the magnetite-pyrophanite pair –36 to –32, which indicates reducing conditions during their crystallization.

Keywords: granite, manganoilmenite, pyrophanite, magnetite, Turochak complex, Altai Mountains

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3—10

{slider title="Mineralogical features of tungsten ores affecting their processability
V. E. Zhukova, E. G. Ozhogina, N. A. Sycheva,  Y. N. Shuvalova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.2.2

Tungsten is a scarce mineral raw material essential for critical industries. The country is in acute need of developing new tungsten deposits. The Shauyrkhyg prospective area is currently a site that requires detailed study. Investigating the composition and structure of the ore using a set of technological mineralogy methods (optical-mineralogical, X-ray diffraction, chemical, and electron microscopy analysis) allows determining its processing prospects.

Keywords: scheelite ore, scheelite, tungstite, mineralogical features

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11—16

{slider title="Biomineralogical analysis of human  urinary stones
V. I. Silaev, A. A. Slyusar, A. B. Slyusar,  A. B. Kokin, A. P. Shuisky,
A. F. Khazov, S. N. Shanina,  B. A. Makeev, I. B. Smoleva1, D. B. Kiseleva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.2.3

We present a study of a reference collection of urinary stone samples from men and women aged 27—83 years, as well as urine from patients with urolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis, using a wide range of modern experimental research methods. The chemical and phase composition, trace element content, amino acid composition and content in proteins, and the isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen are analyzed. Biominerals are found in the urinary stones, covering virtually the entire modern range of mineral types: elementary substances (metals), chalcogenides (sulfides), halides (chlorides), oxides (magnetite, SiO₂ phase), silicates (aluminosilicates), and oxygen salts. In addition to minerals, the stones also contain so-called mineraloids, represented by hydrous calcium oxalates and uric acid. Fifteen protein amino acids, including seven essential ones, are identified in the studied samples. Three amino acids contain a small amount of the D-enantiomer. The isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen in organic matter found in human stones and urine is unique and differs from that found in human bones, the Earth's atmosphere, and sedimentary rocks. However, urinary stones share a carbon isotopic composition similar to organic polymers formed by modern volcanism.

Keywords: urinary stones, mineral formation in the human body, biominerals

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17—46

{slider title="Integrated assessment of geoecological risk  of soil contamination in the impact zone
of the Aikhal Mining and Processing Plant  (Yakutia, Russia)
A. G. Gololobova, Ya. B. Legostaeva, O. V. Shadrinova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.2.4

In recent years, soil pollution with potentially toxic elements has become an important issue causing widespread concern because it is a significant factor threatening the environment. The mining industry is one of the main sources of negative impact. Moreover, the soil is the main geochemical absorber of various pollutants. In the present study, using ecological-geochemical and toxicological pollution indices, such as the Nemerov index (INI), pollution load index (PLI), total pollution index (Z_c), potential ecological risk index (RI), the levels of chemical pollution of soils of the industrial site of the Aikhal Mining and Processing Division with potentially toxic elements (Pb, Ni, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, As) are identified. As a result of calculations of these indices, the elements that make the main contribution to the pollution of the studied soils are identified. The pollutant elements for INI are As, Ni and Cu; for PLI — As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Mn; for Zc — As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr; for RI — Ni. Nickel is the main environmental risk factor for soils at the Aikhal Mining and Processing Division's industrial site. Using spatial distribution maps, localized areas with high geoecological stress are identified near the processing plants.

Keywords: potentially toxic elements, soil pollution, pollution indices, geoecological risk, Daldyn-Alakit diamond-bearing region, Alakit-Markhinsky kimberlite field

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47—59

Russian Conference “Timanides-Protouralides  of the European Northeast:
Stratigraphy, Magmatism, Geodynamics, Metallogeny” (announcement)

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On the cover: weathering pillars — a geological monument in the Troitsk-Pechoradistrict of the Komi Republic
(Manpupuner Plateau). Photo by V. Udoratin

Title page

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Content

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Scientific articles

{slider title="Complex analysis of the structure of the Lower Jurassic J1-I bed
within the Khapchagai megaswell of the Vilyuy syneclise
Е. А. Deliu, Е. V. Taskaeva" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.1.1

The object of research is the Lower Jurassic terrigenous deposits that compose the productive J1-I formation of the Gettang-Plinsbach age. In the studied area, these deposits are characterized by shallow occurrence depths and are promising for hydrocarbon exploration.

Based on the sedimentological analysis of the new well core, it was determined that the J1-I formation deposits were formed in the proximal part of the delta front and in sublittoral environments. The surface of the unconformity was identified on the basis of sedimentological, lithological and ichnofacies analysis of core material and it was traced across the entire study area using the sequence stratigraphic method to correlate geological and geophysical information from wells. Based on the results of sedimentological analysis, using logging data and seismic CDPM 3D, a lithofacies model of the J1-I formation was constructed, which reflects the distribution of sedimentary material in the study area.

Keywords: cyclites, facies, delta, transgression, Lower Jurassic deposits, Kyzyl-­Syr formation, Vilyuy syneclise, Eastern Siberia

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3—13

{slider title="Chemical and physical diagnostics of tektites
A. Y. Lysiuk, V. P. Lyutoev, O. S. Golovataya" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.1.2

Two samples of natural glass from the collection of Academician N. P. Yushkin, presumably attributed to tektites of the Austalasian scattering field, were characterized by chemical analysis, electron microscopy, infrared, ⁵⁷Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. According to the research results, both samples have typical characteristics of the Australasian tektites of the Indochinese flank (Indochinites). The samples differ well in chemical composition and spectroscopic characteristics, the degree of polymerization of the aluminosilicate framework, and the structural positions of iron ions. The difference is related to the disparate fields within the same region.

Keywords: tektites, scattered fields, natural aluminosilicate glasses, infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, ⁵⁷Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy

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14—21

{slider title="The mineralogy of copper slags the Kirovgrad plant (Sverdlovsk region)
Yu. V. Erokhin, V. S. Ponomarev, A. V. Zakharov, L. V. Leonova" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.1.3

The object of this study is the copper slag from the Kirovgrad (originally Kalatinsky) plant, operating since 1914, around which the modern city of Kirovgrad (Sverdlovsk region, Middle Urals) has gradually grown. The material composition of the studied samples is obtained by scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It has been established that they are represented by two types with distinct mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. The first type is composed of a fayalite-augite aggregate containing magnetite, chromite, and arsenide-stibnide-sulfide mineralization, as well as copper and silver. Chalcogenides are represented by troilite, cubanite, haycockite, rudashevskite, galena, breithauptite, westerveldite, and Cu-Fe sulfides. The second type is a fayalite-hedenbergite aggregate with significant amounts of magnetite, glass, and arsenide-stibnide-sulfide mineralization, as well as barkovite, copper, and silver. Chalcogenides are represented by bornite, chalcocite, sphalerite, galena, pentlandite, heazlewoodite, breithauptite, nickeline, and shandite. The slag mineralogy is consistent with their trace element composition. It is concluded that the first type of slag resulted from the smelting of copper pyrite ores from the Levikhinsky group of deposits, while the second type resulted from the smelting of polymetallic ores from the Safyanovsky deposit. Slags from the Kirovgrad plant can be processed to extract sulphide and magnetite concentrates, and associated silver.

Keywords: fayalite, pyroxenes, sulphides, mineralogy, geochemistry, cooper slags, Kirovgrad copper plant

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22—31

{slider title="Refinement of a 3D geological model through neural-simulation-based
seismic prediction K. A. Senkina, D. V. Istomina" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.1.4

Prediction of sand reservoir properties plays a key role in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. Traditional approaches often face limitations associated with nonlinear functions, heterogeneities, and variability of rocks. These challenges lead to a decrease in the accuracy of net reservoir prediction, which entails risks in reservoir engineering and field development. In this regard, the implementation of machine learning methods that can automatically identify complex patterns, take into account multi-factor relationships, and adjust to changing conditions becomes relevant, which opens up new opportunities to improve the predicting accuracy and reliability.

This paper discusses modern neural prediction methods, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as practical aspects of applying machine learning to predict sand reservoirs. Particular attention is paid to the selection of input data, creation of neural network architecture, setting up estimation parameters, and interpreting the results.

The study is aimed at demonstrating the high performance of neural network technologies in solving problems of predicting the sand reservoir properties. It is expected that the results of the study will contribute to the optimization of geological exploration and improve the economics of field development.

Keywords: neural network forecasting, hierarchical neural network, self-organizing Kohonen maps

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32—41

{slider title="From Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive: letters from Academicians N. V. Belov and A. V. Shubnikov
Yu. L. Voytekhovsky" open="false" icons="true"}

DOI: 10.19110/geov.2026.1.5

The article continues the publication of letters and photos of prominent Russian geologists, mineralogists, and crystallographers from the personal Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive, kept at the Russian Mineralogical Society, in this case from Academicians N. V. Belov and A. V. Shubnikov, leaders of Russian crystal chemistry and crystallography. The letters and photos clarity motivations and circumstances of certain events recorded in the history of science or remaining as biographical episodes. The relevance of the article lies in the need to defend the priorities of Russian science. The goal of the work is to provide the most comprehensive coverage of its history based on documents. D. P. Grigoriev's archive of letters, photos, and other documents reflects several decades of the pre-war and post-war history of Russian mineralogy and crystallography. This article is intended for professional historians of science and a wide range of science enthusiasts, including members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, university professors, postgraduate students, and undergraduates.

Keywords: D. P. Grigoriev, N. V. Belov, A. V. Shubnikov, personal archives, history of science, mineralogy, crystal chemistry, crystallography

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Scientific event plans at the Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS in 2026
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